Experiments and simulations on short chain fatty acid production in a colonic bacterial community

Understanding how production of specific metabolites by gut microbes is modulated by interactions with surrounding species and by environmental nutrient availability is an important open challenge in microbiome research. As part of this endeavor, we explore interactions between F. prausnitzii, a major butyrate producer, and B. thetaiotaomicron, an acetate producer, under three different in vitro media conditions in monoculture and coculture. In silico Genome-scale dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA) models of metabolism in the system using COMETS (Computation of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space) are also tested for explanatory, predictive and inferential power. Experimental findings indicate enhancement of butyrate production in coculture relative to F. prausnitzii monoculture but defy a simple model of monotonic increases in butyrate production as a function of acetate availability in the medium. Simulations recapitulate biomass production curves for monocultures and accurately predict the growth curve of coculture total biomass, using parameters learned from monocultures, suggesting that the model captures some aspects of how the two bacteria interact. However, a comparison of data and simulations for environmental acetate and butyrate changes suggest that the organisms adopt one of many possible metabolic strategies equivalent in terms of growth efficiency. Furthermore, the model seems not to capture subsequent shifts in metabolic activities observed experimentally under low-nutrient regimes. Some discrepancies can be explained by the multiplicity of possible fermentative states for F. prausnitzii. In general, these results provide valuable guidelines for design of future experiments aimed at better determining the mechanisms leading to enhanced butyrate in this ecosystem.https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444760v1https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444760v1Othe

VARIANTS OF APPLICATION OF THE FREE RADIAL FOREARM FASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAP FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF DEFECTS IN THE HEAD AND NECK AFTER REMOVAL OF MALIGNANT TUMORS

In the article presents the clinical cases of using free radial forearm fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstructive head and neck surgery. This method is actual because of the versatility, simplicity of the fence and can be recommended for novice microsurgeons

THE OPTION OF USING THE PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAP TO ELIMINATE DEFORMATIONS OF THE EXTERNAL NOSE AFTER TREATMENT OF CANCER (CLINICAL OBSERVATION)

The article tells about the possibilities of recovering of cicatricial deformities and extensive defects of external nose with the using of paramedian forehead flap and free rib cartilage. Despite its antiquity, this method is still relevant, providing a good cosmetic and functional results

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN HIGHER SCHOOL WITH THE USE OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES

Examines the conceptual approach to the development of the information system operating management of educational process in the University (IS OMEP UNIVTSITY), which is based on an OLAP-cube, service-oriented, client-server architecture and a platform that allows you to create online.  Personal accounts for the end users and participants of the educational process. For all groups of users are defined in a set of WEB Services, described their model, the proposed design solution based on the described business processes in BPMN notation

RECONSTRUCTION OF POSTOPERATIVE DEFECTS AFTER REMOVAL OF HYPOPHARYNGEAL AND CERVICAL ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS

The article describes methods for primary reconstruction of defects formed during the removal of malignant hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tumors. The possibility of plastic closure with local tissues, regional flaps and free flaps is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of reconstruction are evaluated

SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR DISSEMINATED RECURRENT TUMOR OF THE TONGUE (A CLINICAL CASE)

The paper presents the possibilities of surgical treatment of tongue tumours spreading to neighbouring organs: the throat, larynx, alveolar edge of lower jaw. Application of ресtoralis mayor musculocutaneous flap allows you to perform a single reconstruction of post-operative defect with acceptable functional and cosmetic result

RECONSTRUCTION OF POSTOPERATIVE DEFECTS AFTER REMOVAL OF HYPOPHARYNGEAL AND CERVICAL ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS

The article describes methods for primary reconstruction of defects formed during the removal of malignant hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tumors. The possibility of plastic closure with local tissues, regional flaps and free flaps is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of reconstruction are evaluated

Brachytherapy in thetreatment of the oral and oropharyngeal cancer

Background. One of the methods of radiotherapy of malignant tumors of oral cavity and oropharyngeal region today is interstitial radiation therapy – brachytherapy, allowing you to create the optimum dose of irradiation to the tumor, necessary for its destruction, without severe radiation reactions in the surrounding tissues unchanged. Brachytherapy has the following advantages: high precision – the ability of the local summarization of high single doses in a limited volume of tissue; good tolerability; a short time of treatment. At this time, brachytherapy is the method of choice used as palliative therapy and as a component of radical treatment.Objective: The purpose of this article is a literature review about the latest achievements of interstitial brachytherapy in malignant tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx

3D-Printable Materials for Microbial Liquid Culture

Additive manufacturing is providing the opportunity to easily fabricate complex structures for biological applications, such as growing microbial cultures. To best determine 3D-printable materials suitable for liquid microbial growth, culture tubes were printed that mimic the shape and dimensions of a standard commercial tube. Ten different printed materials were assessed in conjunction with multiple 3D printing platforms, and their performance to standard commercial polystyrene culture tubes was compared. In each test, a K-12 strain of the common laboratory bacterium Escherichia coli was monitored for growth over 24 h under normal conditions of temperature and agitation. Growth inhibition was observed for some printed materials, and mass spectrometry was used to identify two leached chemicals that inhibited bacterial growth. Based on this assessment, three of the materials are recommended for consideration in prototyping 3D-printed culture environments.Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Contract FA8721-05-C-0002

Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency

Canines remain the gold standard for explosives detection in many situations, and there is an ongoing desire for them to perform at the highest level. This goal requires canine training to be approached similarly to scientific sensor design. Developing a canine training regimen is made challenging by a lack of understanding of the canine’s odor environment, which is dynamic and typically contains multiple odorants. Existing methodology assumes that the handler’s intention is an adequate surrogate for actual knowledge of the odors cuing the canine, but canines are easily exposed to unintentional explosive odors through training material cross-contamination. A sensitive, real-time (∼1 s) vapor analysis mass spectrometer was developed to provide tools, techniques, and knowledge to better understand, train, and utilize canines. The instrument has a detection library of nine explosives and explosive-related materials consisting of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), and cyclohexanone, with detection limits in the parts-per-trillion to parts-per-quadrillion range by volume. The instrument can illustrate aspects of vapor plume dynamics, such as detecting plume filaments at a distance. The instrument was deployed to support canine training in the field, detecting cross-contamination among training materials, and developing an evaluation method based on the odor environment. Support for training material production and handling was provided by studying the dynamic headspace of a nonexplosive HMTD training aid that is in development. These results supported existing canine training and identified certain areas that may be improved