F\ue1rmacos que afectan al feto y el reci\ue9n nacido a trav\ue9s de la placenta o la leche materna

En general, los f\ue1rmacos que toma una madre durante el embarazo o despu\ue9s del nacimiento pueden transferirse al feto o el lactante (a trav\ue9s de la leche materna). Muchos factores participan en la determinaci\uf3n de la cantidad de medicamentos que se transfieren y sus posibles efectos en el feto o el lactante. Se requiere una valoraci\uf3n cuidadosa del riesgo comparado con el beneficio y debe individualizarse. En el ni\uf1o en lactancia materna, pueden llevarse a cabo muchas medidas adicionales de tal manera que se reduzca al m\uednimo la cantidad de f\ue1rmacos que se transfiere al reci\ue9n nacido

Sweeping is an Alternative Method for House Dust Collection for Pesticide Analysis

International audienceAnalysis of pesticides in house dust, as an index of environmental pesticide exposure, is useful in the evaluation of pesticide effects in children. This study compares the prevalence and concentrations of pesticides (propoxur, transfluthrin, bioallethrin, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin) in house dust collected by the HVS3 vacuum and by sweeping using the house broom. The pesticides were extracted from the dust samples by solid phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. There were significant correlations between the pesticides found in the swept and vacuumed samples (kappa=0.28 to 0.48, rho=0.31 to 0.55). Significantly higher prevalence and concentration of propoxur and higher concentrations of pyrethroids were found in the swept compared to vacuum dust samples. We conclude that ongoing exposure of children to pesticides can be monitored by the analysis of house dust collected by sweeping. Sweeping offers an excellent alternative for house dust collection in areas where vacuum collection is not feasible

Analysis of House Dust and Children?s Hair for Pesticides: A Comparison of Markers of Ongoing Pesticide Exposure in Children

International audienceBackground/Aim: The long term study of the adverse effects of pesticides on child neuro development requires monitoring not only of initial, but ongoing pesticide exposure. Our aim was to compare house dust and children's hair as environmental and biological markers of ongoing pesticide exposure in children. Design/Methods: In a continuing NIH study on the adverse effects of prenatal pesticide exposure on child neurodevelopment, ongoing pesticide exposure after birth was measured in swept house dust and hair in the children at 4 years of age for propoxur and pyrethroids (transfluthrin, bioallethrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The prevalence and concentration of pesticides in the two matrices were compared. Results: Prevalence of propoxur was higher in hair compared to house dust (p<0.001) whereas prevalence of the pyrethroids was higher (p<0.001) in house dust. The overall concentrations of the pyrethroids were also higher (p<0.007) in house dust compared to hair. There was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between dust and hair for bioallethrin and cypermethrin. Conclusions: Ongoing exposure of children to environmental pesticides is sensitively detected by analysis of children's hair and house dust. However, prevalence of propoxur was higher in hair compared to swept house dust, but the opposite was found for the pyrethroids. Thus, both matrices should be analyzed. There was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between house dust and hair for bioallethrin and cypermethrin