The effect of rapid weight loss on body composition and circulating markers of creatine metabolism in judokas

We evaluated the effects of a 7-day rapid weight loss (RWL) intervention on body composition and biomarkers of creatine metabolism in eight elite judokas during a pre-competition period. RWL induced a significant drop in weight (81.7±10.7 kg at baseline vs. 76.8 ± 10.3 kg at follow-up; p<.001), fat mass (12.6±5.6 kg vs. 9.2±4.0 kg; p=.003) and fat-free mass (69.1±7.3 kg vs. 67.6±7.7 kg; p=.05), accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine levels at follow-up (104.0±10.5 μmol/L vs. 114.9±10.2 μmol/L; p=.009). An acute restriction of food and fluid intake appears to negatively affect fat-free mass and indices of kidney function in judokas

Financial Development And Human Development In The European Union

The relationship between finance and economic growth is often studied using GDP per capita growth. This paper aims to focus on the richness of human life, not the richness of the economy. Thus, the Human Development Index is used to test the relationship between financial development and human development. By focusing on a sample limited to the European Union, the many criticisms associated with the use of an index can be mitigated. At this moment there is not a universally accepted measure of financial development. Use of measures from past literature allowed for consistency with past works. The results show that financial development has a strong positive relationship with human development and that several characteristics of the financial system are highly correlated with human development

Inköp av företagsbilar - påverkar Inbound Marketing? En kvalitativ studie på Inbound Marketing och dess roll i organisatoriska inköp av företagsbilar hos Din Bil i Malmö

Examensarbetets titel: Inköp av företagsbilar – påverkar Inbound Marketing? En kvalitativ studie på Inbound Marketing och dess roll i organisatoriska inköp av företagsbilar hos Din Bil i Malmö Seminariedatum: 2020-01-16 Ämne/kurs: FEKH29 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete i marknadsföring på kandidatnivå Författare: Alfred Bytyci, Daniel Ostojic, Sasa Veljkovic Handledare: Annette Cerne Nyckelord: Inbound Marketing, Bilbranschen, B2B, Digital Marknadsföring, Organisatoriskt Inköp Syfte: Mot bakgrund till att den traditionella marknadsföringens genomslagskraft stagnerar belöper sig studiens syfte till att undersöka vilken inverkan marknadsföringsstrategin Inbound Marketing har på den organisatoriska inköpsprocessen av företagsbilar som högengagemangsprodukter. Metod: Studien är kvalitativ med ett hermeneutistiskt fenomenologiskt perspektiv som utgångspunkt. En abduktiv forskningsansats tillåter förflyttning mellan teori och empiri vilket möjliggjort förståelse att växa fram gradvis. Den primära datainsamlingen består av åtta intervjuer med företagskunder medan sekundärdata huvudsakligen utgjorts av publicerad litteratur och akademiska journaler. Teoretiska perspektiv: De teoretiska ramverken studien nyttjar sig av för att redogöra för organisationers inköpsprocess består av den organisatoriska inköpsprocessen och organisatoriskt inköpscenter vilka beskriver inköpsprocessens åtta steg samt individers roller i denna process. Vidare behandlas även Inbound Marketing som koncept vilket redogör för dess fyra beståndsdelar och strategi för att bibheålla, konvertera samt attrahera nya kunder. Empiri: De åtta intervjuerna med företagskunder utgör det empiriska materialet vilket tematiseras med anknytning till de teoretiska ramverken för analys. Materialet utgör 104 sidor transkriberad text. Resultat: Inbound Marketing som marknadsföringsstrategi har enligt analysen störst inverkan på tidiga stadier av inköpsprocessen. Vidare är strategin mer lämpad som ett komplement till den dominerande relationsmarknadsföringen då strategin levererar värde och bibehåller kunder inom affärskrets genom pull- metoder vilket företagskunder föredrar.Title: Procurement of company cars – does Inbound Marketing affect? A qualitive study of Inbound Marketing and its role in the organizational buying of company cars from Din Bil in Malmö. Seminar date: 2020-01-16 Course: FEKH29 Business Administration: Bachelor Degree Project in Marketing Undergraduate Level Authors: Alfred Bytyci, Daniel Ostojic, Sasa Veljkovic Advisor: Annette Cerne Key words: Inbound Marketing, Automotive Industry, B2B, Digital Marketing, Organizational Buying Purpose: Due to the stagnant effect of traditional marketing the study aims to investigate Inbound Marketing and it’s impact on the organizational procurement process of company cars as high engagement products. Methodology: The study is qualitative and based on a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. An abductive scientific approach enables movement between theory and empery which allows understanding to successfully grow. The primary data consists of eight interviews while secondary data consists of published literature and academic journals. Theoretical perspectives: The organizational buying process and the buying center is used to describe the eight stages of the buying process and the roles that individuals in the buying center can have. Furthermore, Inbound Marketing as a concept and its four components are depicted. Empirical foundation: The empirical material constitutes of the eight interviews and 104 pages of transcribed text which has been analyzed with the help of theoretical perspectives. Conclusions: Inbound Marketing as a marketing strategy has the biggest ability to impact the organizational buying process in early stages according to the analysis. Furthermore, the strategy is best implemented by combining it with relationship marketing because of the value it creates and ability to keep customers in its business circuit through its pull-strategies which organizational customers prefer

Risk factor indicators in offspring of patients with premature coronary heart disease in Banja Luka region/Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina

INTRODUCTION: Risk factor differences among offspring of patients with premature coronary heart disease (CHD) have not been widely studiem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 161 persons from the region of Banja Luka, including 81 children (mean age: 25.9 years, 45.7% female) with a history of CHD and a control group of 80 persons (mean age: 24.1, 50% female). Medical history interviews and risk factor measurements were performed. RESULTS: There were differences in mean body amss index (BMI) (26.1 kg/m(2) vs. 23.1 kg/m(2), p < 0.0001), waist circumference (87.7 cm vs. 83.9 cm, p = 0.002), hip circumference (99.3 cm vs. 95.84 cm, p < 0.002), systolic blood pressure (BP) (128.09 mm Hg vs. 122.7 mm Hg, p = 0.007), and diastolic BP (99.3 mm Hg vs. 95.8 mm Hg, p = 0.07). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower (1.1 mmol/l vs. 1.4 mmol/l, p = 0.0001), triglycerides significantly higher (2.2 mmol/l vs. 1.6 mmol/l, p = 0.001), and TC/HDL-ratio was significantly higher (5.1 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001) comparing cases and controls, respectively, adjusted for age, gender, and standard CHD risk factors total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, smoking, systolic and diastolic BP, and BMI, those with HDL-C > 1.0 mmol/l in men and 1.2 mmol/l in women had a reduced odds (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.34 of CHD as well as those with change of fat type (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Children of parents with premature CHD have a significantly greater burden of CHD risk factors, with low HDL-C, in particular, being associated with an increased likelihood of being a child of a parent with premature CHD

Risk factor indicators in offspring of patients with premature coronary heart disease in Banja Luka region/Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina

IntroductionRisk factor differences among offspring of patients with premature coronary heart disease (CHD) have not been widely studiem.Material and methodsWe examined 161 persons from the region of Banja Luka, including 81 children (mean age: 25.9 years, 45.7% female) with a history of CHD and a control group of 80 persons (mean age: 24.1, 50% female). Medical history interviews and risk factor measurements were performed.ResultsThere were differences in mean body amss index (BMI) (26.1 kg/m(2) vs. 23.1 kg/m(2), p &lt; 0.0001), waist circumference (87.7 cm vs. 83.9 cm, p = 0.002), hip circumference (99.3 cm vs. 95.84 cm, p &lt; 0.002), systolic blood pressure (BP) (128.09 mm Hg vs. 122.7 mm Hg, p = 0.007), and diastolic BP (99.3 mm Hg vs. 95.8 mm Hg, p = 0.07). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower (1.1 mmol/l vs. 1.4 mmol/l, p = 0.0001), triglycerides significantly higher (2.2 mmol/l vs. 1.6 mmol/l, p = 0.001), and TC/HDL-ratio was significantly higher (5.1 vs. 4.0, p &lt; 0.001) comparing cases and controls, respectively, adjusted for age, gender, and standard CHD risk factors total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, smoking, systolic and diastolic BP, and BMI, those with HDL-C &gt; 1.0 mmol/l in men and 1.2 mmol/l in women had a reduced odds (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.34 of CHD as well as those with change of fat type (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.60).ConclusionsChildren of parents with premature CHD have a significantly greater burden of CHD risk factors, with low HDL-C, in particular, being associated with an increased likelihood of being a child of a parent with premature CHD

Optimization of the calcination temperature for the solvent-deficient synthesis of nanocrystalline gamma-alumina

Nano-sized alumina is prepared using a cost-effective solvent-free method with aluminum nitrate and ammonium bicarbonate precursors. Combined investigations by thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), infrared emission spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and dilatometry were used to examine the effects of calcination temperature on the formation of Al2O3. XRD analysis shows that the -Al2O3 phase forms already at 300 degrees C and slowly continues to form with increasing temperature indicating a diffusion-controlled reaction as shown by FTIR. The size of the -Al2O3 nanocrystalline, as determined by XRD, is between 1.5 and 1.9nm and slowly increased with the reaction temperature. DLS results revealed that a particle size of -Al2O3 dispersed in water grows with increasing reaction temperature due to nanocrystalline particle aggregation, which was additionally confirmed by SEM. The densification behavior of the boehmite and -Al2O3 phases was investigated using dilatometry

Estimation of Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy of Carbon Nanotubes Using

We have carried out a magnetophotoluminescence excitation spectroscopy study on micelle-suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes in high magnetic fields. By analyzing field-dependent spectral changes, we determined the degree of magnetic alignment of the observed semiconducting nanotubes at 45 T. This, together with an independently measured length distribution of the nanotubes, allowed us to estimate the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy � | − � ⊥ to be ∼1.4 × 10-5 emu/mol for 1-nm-diameter semiconducting nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), either metallic or semiconducting, are predicted to possess novel magnetic properties. 1-3 For example, while a field applied parallel to the tube axis modifies the band structure through the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase, leading to a logarithmically divergent paramagnetic susceptibility for metallic tubes, a perpendicular field is predicted to induce lattice instability and distortion. At low magnetic fields (φ, φ0, where φ is the magnetic flux threading the tube and φ0) h/e is the magnetic flux quantum), semiconducting SWNTs are predicte

Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2018 to October 2019)

peer reviewe

Epidemiological analysis of African swine fever in the European Union (September 2019 to August 2020).

peer reviewedAn update on the African swine fever (ASF) situation in the 10 affected Member States (MS) in the EU and in two neighbouring countries from the 1 September 2019 until the 31 August 2020 is provided. The dynamics of the proportions of PCR- and ELISA-positive samples since the first ASF detection in the country were provided and seasonal patterns were investigated. The impact of the ASF epidemic on the annual numbers of hunted wild boar in each affected MS was investigated. To evaluate differences in the extent of spread of ASF in the wild boar populations, the number of notifications that could be classified as secondary cases to a single source was calculated for each affected MS and compared for the earliest and latest year of the epidemic in the country. To evaluate possible risk factors for the occurrence of ASFV in wild boar or domestic pigs, a literature review was performed. Risk factors for the occurrence of ASF in wild boar in Romanian hunting grounds in 2019 were identified with a generalised linear model. The probability to find at least one PCR-confirmed ASF case in wild boar in a hunting ground in Romania was driven by environmental factors, wild boar abundance and the density of backyard pigs in the hunting ground area, while hunting-related variables were not retained in the final model. Finally, measures implemented in white zones (ASF-free zones that are geographically adjacent to an area where ASF is present in wild boar) to prevent further spread of ASF were analysed with a spatially, explicit stochastic individual-based model. To be effective, the wild boar population in the white zone would need to be drastically reduced before ASF arrives at the zone and it must be wide enough. To achieve the necessary pre-emptive culling targets of wild boar in the white zone, at the start of the establishment, the white zone should be placed sufficiently far from the affected area, considering the speed of the natural spread of the disease. This spread is faster in denser wild boar populations. After a focal ASF introduction, the white zone is always close to the infection hence pre-emptive culling measures in the white zone must be completed in short term, i.e. in a few months