Corrigendum to “Transition toward a fully renewable-based energy system in Chile by 2050 across power, heat, transport and desalination sectors”

This is a corrigendum to the article Transition toward a fully renewable-based energy system in Chile by 2050 across power, heat, transport and desalination sectors published by the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management with DOI: http://doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.338

DE LO GLOBAL A LO LOCAL: EL ROL DE LOS SISTEMAS SOLARES FOTOVOLTAICOS DESCENTRALIZADOS EN LA TRANSICIÓN ENERGÉTICA SOSTENIBLE. UN ANÁLISIS APLICADO A CHILE Y LA REGIÓN DE AYSÉN.

Esta tesis doctoral tuvo como principal objetivo analizar, desde un enfoque global y local, el rol que los sistemas solares fotovoltaicos descentralizados (SSFVD) podrían jugar en la transición energética sostenible de Chile y la región de Aysén. Para ello, se modelaron escenarios de transición hacia un sistema 100% basado en energías renovables. Los resultados revelaron que lograr en Chile este tipo de sistema al 2050 es técnicamente factible y económicamente viable y, que este país puede alcanzar la neutralidad en las emisiones de carbono en 2030. Dependiendo del enfoque territorial, el 2050 los SSFVD producirían entre un 27–52% de la demanda de electricidad que sería mayoritariamente consumida en ciudades por los sectores eléctrico, térmico y transporte. A su vez, la fotovoltaica descentralizada crearía en Chile 174.274 empleos directos durante el periodo de transición. Todo esto, utilizando menos del 10% del potencial tecno-económico de energías renovables disponible en este país.The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to analyze, from a global and local approach, the role that decentralized solar photovoltaic systems (DSPVS) could play in the sustainable energy transition of Chile and the Aysén region. For this, transition scenarios were modelled toward a system 100% based on renewable energy. The results revealed that achieving this type of system in Chile by 2050 is technically feasible and economically viable and that this country can reach carbon neutrality by 2030. Depending on the territorial approach, by 2050, the DSPVS would produce between 27-52% of the electricity demand that would be mostly consumed in cities by the electricity, heat and transport sectors. In turn, decentralized photovoltaics would create 174,274 direct jobs in Chile during the transition period. All this would be achieved using less than 10% of the techno-economic potential of renewable energy available in this country.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Centro de Estudios avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente

Identifying barriers and opportunities in the deployment of the residential photovoltaic prosumer segment in Chile

Photovoltaic (PV) prosumers can play a significant role in the transition toward sustainable cities. However, the implementation of more effective policies which accelerate the deployment of this market is needed. In this study, after an overview of the residential PV prosumer (RPVP) market's status in Chile, critical parameters that can speed-up the deployment of this segment through policy decisions were identified. Considering the local conditions of each regional capital in Chile, the segment is analyzed with widely-used econometric techniques to evaluate the residential PV systems feasibility empirically. The results show that the Chilean regulatory framework is insufficient for exploiting the potential of the RPVP. Without effective policy instruments, high investment costs and low income per household are the main barriers in the deployment of the segment in this country. Therefore, suitable promotion energy policies, regulatory changes, and financing options can accelerate the deployment without majorly impacting on the national budget. This would let citizens help accelerate decarbonization through a more decentralized and democratic energy transition, gaining socio-economic and socio-environmental benefits, based on solar PV technology.This work was supported by the Campus Patagonia of the Universidad Austral de Chile; and the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the University of Jaén through ‘Acción 4’ grant: ‘Ayudas predoctorales para la Formación de Personal Investigador.’ The study was conducted in the scope of the project “Adaptation to sustainable energy transition in Europe: Environmental, socio-economic, and cultural aspects (ADAPTAS)” [CSO2017-86975-R, Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness and State Research Agency of Spain, and European Regional Development Fund]

Commentary and critical discussion on ‘Decarbonizing the Chilean Electric Power System: A Prospective Analysis of Alternative Carbon Emissions Policies’

This paper is a commentary on ‘Decarbonizing the Chilean Electric Power System: A Prospective Analysis of Alternative Carbon Emissions Policies’ –an article published by Babonneau et al. in the Energies Journal. On the one hand, our aim is to point out and discuss some issues detected in the article regarding the literature review, modelling methods and cost assumptions, and, on the other hand, to provide suggestions about the use of state-of-the-art methods in the field, transparent and updated cost assumptions, key technologies to consider, and the importance of designing 100% renewable multi-energy systems. Furthermore, we end by highlighting suggestions that are key to modelling 100% renewable energy systems in the scientific context to contribute to expanding the knowledge in the field

Social acceptance of renewable energy development in southern Spain: Exploring tendencies, locations, criteria and situations

Although, in general, there is a high level of public acceptance of renewable energies (RE) in Spain, at a local scale, protests and campaigns against RE projects are becoming increasingly frequent. In order to identify the factors that most influence the acceptance/rejection of renewable electricity generation technologies (photovoltaic, wind and biomass) at a local level, in this study we conducted a structured survey of the population of the province of Jaén in southern Spain. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire reveals that the social acceptance of RE plants is influenced by their location and size, and identifies the main criteria and situations that people take into consideration when deciding whether to support or reject RE projects. Although the results suggest that all RE technologies are widely accepted, they also highlight a preference for photovoltaic energy and for medium-sized plants in sites with low natural value. This article provides information and recommendations to facilitate the drafting of policies, plans and future studies that will enable social barriers to the implementation of RE technologies to be reduced, so helping accelerate the energy transition that is required in order for agreed climate targets to be met.This research was conducted withing the framework of a project entitled: "Adaptation to sustainable energy transition in Europe: Environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects (ADAPTAS)" (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and State Research Agency of Spain, and European Regional Development Fund, CSO2017-86975-R)

How much solar PV, wind and biomass energy could be implemented in short-term? A multi-criteria GIS-based approach applied to the province of Jaén, Spain

The progress made in the penetration of renewable energy (RE) sources in most parts of the world is not fast enough for achieving the international climate mitigation targets. Furthermore, there is a lack of energy planning strategies, methods and tools for assessing the implementation of RE technologies which considers the social support. In this work, we present a replicable multi-criteria spatial approach based on geographical information system to estimate the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind and biomass energy technologies that could be implemented in the short-term in a given territory. This potential includes environmental, technical (with economic attributes) and geographical (with social-acceptability attributes) constraints, together with existing local power plants considerations for calculating the electricity generation by technology, and then estimating its jobs creation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The approach was applied to the province of Jaén (Southern Spain), which has a pronounced unbalance between its inner electricity production and consumption and apparently is a territory with great technical potential for the aforementioned technologies. Results show that this province has a short-term implementable potential that would annually produce 8.9 TWh from solar PV, 911 GWh from wind energy and 683 GWh from biomass plants; which is 3.8 times greater than the current electricity consumption and would require 1.5% of the total surface of Jaén. This potential can create about 92,800 direct jobs and avoid the emissions of 3.78–8.61 MtCO2 to the atmosphere. The proposed approach can be useful for energy planning processes and for allowing decision-making to accelerate the implementation of RE power plants in order to achieve the climate mitigation goals.This paper was elaborated in the scope of the research carried out within the project “Adaptation to sustainable energy transition in Europe: Environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects (ADAPTAS)” (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and State Research Agency of Spain, and European Regional Development Fund, CSO2017-86975-R)

Floating photovoltaics systems on water irrigation ponds: Technical potential and multi-benefits analysis

Floating photovoltaic systems (FPV) can be a more sustainable alternative for the energy transition than ground-mounted photovoltaic systems, as they avoid occupying useable land and the power generation is more distributed. This paper presents the first study that calculates the FPV technical potential at the province/municipality level, focusing on water irrigation ponds, which it is a novelty in the literature that usually focuses on large water infrastructures in a national approach. In the province of Jaén (Spain), more than 3000 ponds dedicated to agricultural irrigation have been identified and their surface area and location was obtained. The results, calculated for each pond, reveal that, in a conservative scenario, in which only 25% of their surface area is covered, a minimum of 490 MWp can be installed, which can provide 251% of the province agricultural electricity consumption and 27% of the total electricity needs. This analysis has also been performed at the municipal level, where all possible FPV plants have been aggregated and compared with consumption that would be covered at this scale. Furthermore, this technology brings additional benefits, as it avoids the occupation of 12 km2 of useable land, 8.8·106 m3/year of water evaporated, while creating more than 7000 jobs.This work has been possible thanks to the joint result of two research projects. On the one hand, the scope of the research carried out within the project “Adaptation to sustainable energy transition in Europe: Environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects (ADAPTAS)” (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and State Research Agency of Spain, and European Regional Development Fund, CSO2017-86975-R) has made it possible to identify floating solar technology as an alternative for this energy transition. On the other hand, the R&D contract that the University of Jaen has with the company Desarrollos Tecnológicos INTELEC S.L. titled “Analysis of the operation of a Floating Solar Photovoltaic Installation” been of special relevance in the data obtained in the research

The impact of renewable energy and sector coupling on the pathway towards a sustainable energy system in Chile

The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of renewable energy (RE) technologies and sector coupling via analysing the transition pathways towards a sustainable energy system in Chile. Four energy transition scenarios for the power, heat, transport and desalination sectors were assessed using the LUT Energy System Transition model. The current policy scenario was modelled and compared with three best policy scenarios. The results showed that the transition to a 100 % renewable-based energy system by 2050 is technically feasible. Further, such an energy system would be more cost-efficient than the current policy scenario to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. The results also indicate that Chile could reach carbon neutrality by 2030 and become a negative greenhouse gas emitter country by 2035. In a 100 % renewable-based energy system, solar photovoltaics (PV) would contribute 86 % of electricity generation, which would represent 83 % of the total final energy demand for the year 2050. This would imply the use of about 10 % of the available techno-economic RE potential of the country. Three vital elements (high level of renewable electrification across all sectors, flexibility and RE-based fuel production) and three key enablers (solar PV, interconnection and full sectoral integration) were identified in order to transition to a fully sustainable energy system. Chile could contribute to the global sustainable energy transition and advance to the global post-fossil fuels economy through the clean extraction of key raw materials and RE-based fuels and chemicals production.This work was supported by the Vice-Rectorate of Research, Development & Arts of the Universidad Austral de Chile, the Erasmus+ Traineeships program through of the University of Jaén, and the Research Foundation of LUT University. The first author also thanks the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the University of Jaén for the “Acción 4” scholarship: “Ayudas predoctorales para la Formación de Personal Investigador”

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

The role of solar PV, wind energy, and storage technologies in the transition toward a fully sustainable energy system in Chile by 2050 across power, heat, transport and desalination sectors

Renewable energies will play a significant role in a sustainable energy system in order to match the goal under the Paris Agreement. However, to achieve the goal it will be necessary to find the best country pathway, with global repercussion. This study reveals that an energy system based on 100% renewable resources in Chile could be technically feasible and even more cost-efficient than the current system. The Chilean energy system transition would imply a high level of electrification across all sectors, direct and indirectly. Simulation results using the LUT Energy System Transition model show that the primary electricity demand would rise from 31.1 TWh to 231 TWh by 2050, which represent about 78% of the total primary energy demand. Renewable electricity will mainly come from solar PV and wind energy technologies. Solar PV and wind energy installed capacities across all sectors would increase from 1.1 GW and 0.8 GW in 2015 to 43.6 GW and 24.8 GW by 2050, respectively. In consequence, the levelised cost of energy will be reduced in about 25%. Moreover, the Chilean energy system in 2050 would emit zero greenhouse gases. Additionally, Chile would become a country free of energy imports