Child labour; the effect on child, causes and remedies to the revolving menace

It has been observed over decades that, poverty forces poor families to send their children to work, which results in a serious problem the world is facing nowadays. Child labour can leave many severe consequences on children and their families. When children work, it does not mean as a standard, they support their families economically, neither all of them get paid for their work since many of them work as bonded labour or as slaves. In addition to that, they face many problems which may cause permanent damage to their childhood. Children usually work to contribute and provide financial support to their families. Their health is often ignored by their parents or they may not be aware about their children’s health. This paper illustrates how both India and Nigeria have adopted laws and regulations to eliminate child labour. However despite all the efforts, child labour and the factors that influence the incidence of child labour continues to be prevalent. The results from this study explain the reasons which forces children to work, poverty. This paper also draws conclusion that governments, societies, and communities should cooperate in a better way with each other to decrease child labour. Possible and innovate solutions and suggestions are arose at the end of this paper

UAMS Summer Health Literacy Study

Background: Health Literacy is a barrier to self-care; patients often lack the skills to understand complicated instructions that deal with medications, wound care, follow up schedules, and preventative care. Patients who undergo hip and knee replacements are often older adults, a population that normally struggles with various aspects of health literacy. Patient education materials are a common means of communicating with these individuals. However, if the patient does not understand the materials that they are given, they are more likely to experience negative side effects after their operation. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the health literacy levels of patients to the readability of the materials in a preoperative “Joint Academy” education class for hip and knee replacement patients. An additional purpose is to see if there is a difference in health literacy levels between “health coaches” and the patients themselves. Methodology: A convenience sample of 26 patients and health coaches enrolled at the UAMS Joint Academy classes were recruited and consented by a trained research assistant. Patients and coaches scheduled for either hip or knee replacements will be eligible for inclusion. Once consented, the individuals will be asked a series of demographic questions. The research assistant will then administer a health literacy aptitude test to the patient or coach. Results: 18 of the individuals tested had adequate health literacy scores to understand the materials presented in the Joint Academy classes. 8 individuals were deemed as having inadequate health literacy levels to understand the classes. Patients with low health literacy scores were more likely to choose a coach with adequate health literacy scores than patients with adequate health literacy scores. Discussion: Patients with inadequate health literacy may choose coaches with adequate health literacy to compensate for skills that they lack. Further research needs to be conducted to determine if this generalizes to other clinical settings. When patients with inadequate health literacy have coaches with higher skill levels, those coaches can help patients to better understand important health information that they may not comprehend on their own. When patients understand surgery information better, poor surgical outcomes related to patient understanding can be avoided

O impacto adverso do isolamento racial no desempenho dos alunos: um estudo na Carolina do Norte.

This study examines the impact of racial isolation on high school student performance in North Carolina, a state in the southeast United States. Our research goal is to investigate if increased isolation negatively impacts Black students’ academic performance. Employing the North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction (NCDPI) dataset, we test for this using Algebra I and English I scores on End-of-Course exams for ninth graders (N = 134,646) during the 2007-2008 school year. We control for student-level characteristics, such as race and ethnicity, economic disadvantage (eligibility for free and reduced-price lunch), and designation as gifted. We also analyze the effect of school-level characteristics, such as teacher experience, teacher training (advanced degree), teacher accreditation (fully licensed), and the percentage of students who were Black or Latino. Our results suggest racial isolation adversely impacts student performance on Algebra I by as much as three points. With our restricted hierarchical dataset and multi-level modeling, we (a) contribute to the growing body of literature, which finds a negative association between racial isolation/segregation and student performance, and (b) find teacher attributes can moderate some of the adverse student outcomes.Este estudio examina el impacto del aislamiento racial en el desempeño de estudiantes de escuelas secundarias en Carolina del Norte, un estado en el sureste de Estados Unidos. Nuestra objetivo de investigación fue investigar si el mayor aislamiento repercute negativamente en  el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes negros. Empleando datos del Departamento de Instrucción Pública del Estado de Carolina del Norte ( NCDPI ) de puntuaciones Álgebra I y Inglés I en exámenes de Fin de Curso para estudiantes de noveno grado (N = 134.646 ) durante el año escolar 2007-2008. Controlando las características a nivel estudiantil, como raza y origen étnico, desventaja económica (la elegibilidad para programas de almuerzo gratis o a precio reducido), y su designación como intelectualmente dotado. También se analizó el efecto de las características a nivel de la escuela, como experiencia docente, formación del profesorado (título avanzado), la acreditación del profesorado (con licencia), y el porcentaje de estudiantes Negros o Latinos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el aislamiento racial afecta negativamente en hasta tres puntos el desempeño estudiantil en Algebra I. Con nuestra base de datos jerárquica y modelización multinivel, contribuimos al creciente cuerpo de literatura que ( a) encuentra una asociación negativa entre el aislamiento racial segregación y rendimiento de los estudiantes, y (b ) que ciertos atributos de los docentes pueden moderar algunos de los resultados adversos en los estudiantes.O presente estudo analisa o impacto do isolamento racial no desempenho de estudantes de ensino médio na Carolina do Norte, um estado no sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Nosso objetivo de pesquisa foi investigar se o aumento do isolamento afeta negativamente o desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes negros. Utilizamos dados do Departamento de Instrução Pública da Carolina do Norte ( NCDPI ) das avaliações de Álgebra I e Inglês I em exames de Fim de do curso para os calouros (N = 134.646 ) para o ano letivo de 2007-2008. Controlando pelas características de nível estudantil, tais como raça e etnia, desvantagem econômica (elegibilidade para os programas de almoço gratutitos ou de prezo reduzidos), e a designação como intelectualmente dotado. Também se controlo o efeito das características do nível da escola, tais como experiência de ensino , formação de professores ( nível avançado) , credenciamento de professor (licenciado ), e o percentual de estudantes negros ou latinos também foi analisada. Nossos resultados sugerem que o isolamento racial afeta negativamente até em três pontos o desempenho dos alunos em Álgebra I. Com o nosso banco de dados hierárquico e modelagem multinível, contribuímos para o crescente corpo de literatura indicando que (a) a uma associação negativa entre a segregação racial e isolamento no desempenho do aluno, e ( b) que certos atributos dos professores podem moderar alguns dos resultados adversos para os alunos

An Employer Has a Duty as a Reasonably Prudent Employer to Exercise Control over an Intoxicated Employee in Order to Prevent Unreasonable Risk of Harm to Others.

Abstract Forthcoming

Working to Heal White Supremacy: Spiritual Ontologies and Anti-Racist Activism

In this thesis, I look to the significance of spiritual ontologies that illuminate the inherent interconnectedness and love among all beings as such ontologies are associated with anti-racist activism as they diverge from and challenge the operation of worldviews of whiteness. I explore larger questions about whiteness, its implications during the Trump-era whitelash, and the contemporary pertinence of spirituality in the face of white supremacy. This context situates my research questions about the spiritually informed sustenance of activism and its efficacy. I review the literature of the academic frameworks on which my research is contingent: critical whiteness studies and feminist epistemologies and spiritualities. I contend that spiritual ontologies work to theoretically and practically challenge ontologies of whiteness and oppression. The argument chapters of my thesis are comprised of content and textual investigations in activists’ propositions about the need for spirituality and spiritual values within anti-racist organizing. I consider activists deliberations on the conflicting ontologies of whiteness vs. spiritual ontologies, as these different worldviews conceptualize of whiteness and the self in opposite ways. Under an ontology of whiteness, whiteness signifies domination and power, and the individual is inherently separated from others and self-interested, while in a spiritual world, whiteness is a distorted and deadly concept, and all selves are interrelated through suffering and love. I ultimately investigate a variety of activists’ proposals around implementing spiritual practice and love into their organizing, and argue that the spiritual activism they embody works to manifest the spiritual ontologies I define throughout the thesis.Bachelor of Art

A Systematic Review of the Core Components of Language Learning Strategy Research in Taiwan

As the broader field of individual differences in second/foreign language learning has grown tremendously over the past few decades, its subfields have expanded with a similar intensity. Language learning strategies (LLS) is one such area. Developments have been made regarding the scope and methodology of LLS research, especially. While there have been a number of reviews of the field’s output, few have targeted research in a specific context. With this in mind, the current study offers a situated view of LLS research in Taiwan. It focuses on three core components that are essential to empirical research: (a) contexts and participant characteristics; (b) theoretical-conceptual aspects; and (c) methodological characteristics. Drawing on journal articles systematically collected from major databases and reviews conducted by multiple researchers to ensure reliability and to minimize bias, we provide an overview of the field as it has manifested in Taiwan. Findings from select studies are also discussed. In doing so, this article makes connections between LLS research in Taiwan and the larger, global context, with implications for "the road ahead." We hope it will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in reading about and/or conducting LLS research in this setting and others

Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is not the cause of thiamine deficiency impeding lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) recruitment in the Great Lakes

Thiamine (vitamin B₁) deficiency is a global concern affecting wildlife, livestock, and humans. In Great Lakes salmonines, thiamine deficiency causes embryo mortality and is an impediment to restoration of native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocks. Thiamine deficiency in fish may result from a diet of prey with high levels of thiaminase I. The discoveries that the bacterial species Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus produces thiaminase I, is found in viscera of thiaminase-containing prey fish, and causes mortality when fed to lake trout in the laboratory provided circumstantial evidence implicating P. thiaminolyticus. This study quantified the contribution of P. thiaminolyticus to the total thiaminase I activity in multiple trophic levels of Great Lakes food webs. Unexpectedly, no relationship between thiaminase activity and either the amount of P. thiaminolyticus thiaminase I protein or the abundance of P. thiaminolyticus cells was found. These results demonstrate that P. thiaminolyticus is not the primary source of thiaminase activity affecting Great Lakes salmonines and calls into question the long-standing assumption that P. thiaminolyticus is the source of thiaminase in other wild and domestic animals