Роль и влияние туриндустрии крымского региона на развитие экономики

Purpose: the aim of the article is the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy at all levels of the economic system (example: Republic of Crimea). The article considers the methodology for analyzing the indices of social and economic growth in the branch of the Republic of Crimea. The role and influence of tourism on the economy is considered. Tasks of the article: analysis of the works of foreign and domestic scientists on the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy; to conduct an analysis of the sectoral structure of the gross value added of the Russian Federation; describe the growth of socio-economic indicators; identify the stages of the methodology for analyzing the indicators of the social and economic growth of the tourist industry; to give an analysis of indicators characterizing the socioeconomic growth of the tourist industry of the Republic of Crimea; construct the dependence of the amount of declared amounts of investment projects on the number of tourists who visited the Republic of Crimea. Methods: the dialectical method of scientific cognition was applied in studying the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy, calculation and analytical methods for monitoring, measuring, analyzing and comparing indicators that characterize the social and economic growth of the tourist industry of the Republic of Crimea. Results: in modern conditions, the development of the tourism sector, as a source of sustainable development of the state economy, acquires priority development. The tourism industry has a huge impact on the economy of the region, being the locomotive of the development of many other branches of management and providing non-raw budget receipts. The analysis of the works of foreign and domestic scientists makes it possible to talk about the integrated mechanism of the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy at all levels of the economic system and, in general, the national economy of the country. Its essence is as follows: the gradual increase in the socio-economic standard of living of the country's population increases its needs for rest and leisure, which increases domestic and outbound tourist flows. The coefficient of determination R² = 0.0191 showed that 1.91% of the variation of the "declared amount of investment projects, applications" is due to the variation in the sign "the number of tourists who visited the Republic of Crimea", and 98.09% of the variation is already associated with the impact of other factors not taken into account. Conclusions and Relevance: the spread of tourism is becoming a stimulating factor for the development of the tourism services sector: the tourism industry is growing in the budget, the number of employees in the tourism sector is growing. Increased investment in the tourism sector leads to the creation of tourist facilities and the development of tourism infrastructure, increases the attractiveness of the national sector of tourism services. This stimulates the growth of domestic and incoming tourist flows and ensures an increase in the country's socio-economic development. The social and economic growth of the sector as a whole is promoted by institutional support, developed state regulatory and legal regulation in the sphere of tourism, interaction of public-private partnerships, staffing, diversification of tourism products through the development of various types of tourism, thereby eliminating the reason for the seasonality of tourism enterprises and increasing income. Цель: Целью статьи является роль и влияние туризма на развития экономики на всех уровнях хозяйствующей системы (пример Республика Крым). В статье рассмотрена методика анализа показателей социально-экономического роста отрасли Республики Крым. Рассмотрены роль и влияние туризма на экономику, поставлены задачи: анализ работ зарубежных и отечественных ученых о роли и влиянии туризма на развитие экономики; анализ отраслевой структуры валовой добавленной стоимости Российской Федерации; характеристика роста социально-экономических показателей; этапы методики анализа показателей социально-экономического роста туристской отрасли; анализ показателей, характеризующих социально-экономический рост туристской отрасли Республики Крым; построить зависимость объема заявленных сумм инвестиционных проектов от количества туристов, посетивших Республику Крым. Методология проведения работы: Диалектический метод научного познания был применен при изучении роли и влияния туризма на развитие экономики, расчетно-аналитические методы наблюдения, измерения, анализа и сравнения показателей, характеризующих социально-экономический рост туристской отрасли Республики Крым. Результаты работы: В современных условиях развитие туристической сферы, как источника устойчивого развития экономики государства, приобретает приоритетное развитие. Индустрия туризма оказывает огромное воздействие на экономику региона, являясь локомотивом развития множества других отраслей хозяйствования и обеспечивающая несырьевые поступления бюджета. Проведенный анализ работ зарубежных и отечественных ученых позволяет говорить о комплексном механизме роли и влияния туризма на развития экономики на всех уровнях хозяйствующей системы и в целом народного хозяйства страны. Его сущность заключается в следующем: постепенное повышение социально-экономического уровня жизни населения страны увеличивает его потребности в отдыхе и досуге, что увеличивает внутренние и выездные туристические потоки. Коэффициент детерминации R² = 0,0191 показал, что 1,91% вариации признака «заявленная сумма инвестиционных проектов, заявок» обусловлено вариацией признака «количество туристов, посетивших Республику Крым», а 98,09% вариации уже связаны с воздействием других неучтенных факторов. Выводы: Распространение туризма становится стимулирующим фактором для развития сектора туристических услуг: происходит рост вклада туристической отрасли в бюджет, растет количество занятых в туристическом секторе. Рост инвестиций в туристический сектор ведет к созданию туристических объектов и развития туристической инфраструктуры, повышает привлекательность национального сектора туристических услуг. Это стимулирует рост внутренних и въездных туристических потоков и обеспечивает повышение социально-экономического развития страны. Социально-экономическому росту исследуемой отрасли в целом способствует институциональное обеспечение, разработанное государственное нормативно-правовое регулирование в сфере туризма, взаимодействие государственно-частного партнерства, кадровое обеспечение, диверсификация туристских продуктов посредством развития различных видов туризма, тем самым устраняя причину сезонности функционирования предприятий туризма и увеличивая доход.

Clinical and epidemiological features of acute intestinal infections in children in Arkhangelsk for 2015-2018

In recent years, there is increasing evidence of the significant role of the intestinal microbiome in the normal functioning of the whole body. The composition of the intestinal microflora affects the human immune system, and its metabolic processes, and even behavior. Therefore, maintaining an optimal balance in the structure of a normal gut microbiome is very important for human health. But the high prevalence of acute intestinal infections(AII) suggests that this balance is very fragile. The diversity of the causes of the All and the greater their specific gravity to determine the practical value of the clinical-epidemiological diagnosis, and was the basis for conducting our study. The aim of our work was to identify clinical and epidemiological features of acute intestinal infections in children of the Arkhangelsk region. We have evaluated the indicators of children's morbidity of acute intestinal infections in the Arkhangelsk region, as well as a retrospective clinical and epidemiological analysis in 143 children who underwent acute intestinal infections in 2015-2018 and hospitalized in the Center for infectious diseases of the Arkhangelsk regional clinical hospital. There is a high proportion of intestinal infections of unknown etiology (55.9%). Viral infections (mainly due to rotavirus gastroenteritis) prevail in the structure of All with established etiology. Among bacterial All met salmonellosis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis.В последние годы появляется всё больше данных о существенной роли кишечного микробиома в нормальном функционировании всего организма. Состав кишечной микрофлоры влияет и на иммунную систему человека, и на его обменные процессы, и даже на поведение. Поэтому поддержание оптимального баланса в структуре нормального микробиома кишечника очень важно для здоровья человека. Но высокая распространённость острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) говорит о том, что баланс этот очень хрупок. Многообразие причин ОКИ и большой их удельный вес определяют практическое значение клинико-эпидемиологической диагностики, все это и явилось основанием для проведения нашего исследования. Целью нашей работы стало выявление клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей острых кишечных инфекций у детей Архангельской области. Нами была проведена оценка показателей детской заболеваемости острыми кишечными инфекциями в Архангельской области, а также ретроспективный клинико-эпидемиологический анализ у 143 детей, перенесших острые кишечные инфекции в 2015-2018 гг. и госпитализированных в Центр инфекционных болезней Архангельской областной клинической больницы. Отмечается высокий удельный вес кишечных инфекций неустановленной этиологии (55,9%). В структуре ОКИ с установленной этиологией превалируют вирусные инфекции (в основном, за счёт ротавирусного гастроэнтерита). Среди бактериальных ОКИ встречались сальмонеллёз, дизентерия и кампилобактериоз

Association of COMT gene polymorphisms with Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most serious and widespread neurodegenerative disorders. Genetic susceptibility plays a significant role in the development of PD.The aim of our study was to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the COMT gene coding dopamine catabolism enzyme and Parkinson’s disease.Materials and methods. In this study seven SNPs (rs4680, rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs769224, rs165774, rs174696) of COMT were genotyped. 232 patients with PD and 127 healthy individuals in the Siberian region of Russia were examined. Venous blood samples were drawn as a marker of PD. Statistical differences in the prevalence of alleles and genotypes between groups of patients were assessed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.1 software.Results. A significant association between the rs165774 polymorphism and PD was observed. Our study demonstrates that polymorphisms in the COMT gene may play an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease

Association of polymorphism in the dopamine receptors and transporter genes with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia

Background: Long-term antipsychotic drug use remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with schizophrenia. However, pharmacotherapy with these drugs is complicated by several troublesome side effects, including hyperprolactinemia (HP). Prolactin secretion is persistently inhibited by dopamine, and antipsychotic drugs are believed to increase prolactin release by blocking dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of antipsychotic induced HP [1, 2]. Genes coding for dopamine receptors and transporters are considered to be responsible for HP in schizophrenia [3]. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polymorph-isms of the dopamine receptors and transporters genes (DRD1, DRD2, SLC6A3) in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic-related HP in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 431 Russian patients with schizophrenia were examined. The average age of patients was 42.1 ± 1.4 years. Evaluation of serum prolactin level was performed by ELISA using reagents set PRL Test System (USA). Genotyping was carried out on 17 polymorphic variants of the dopamine receptors and transporters genes DRD1 (rs4532, rs936461), DRD2 (rs4245147, rs6279, rs2734842) and SLC6A3 (rs3756450, rs2550956, rs6347, rs2617605, rs3863145, rs250686, rs464049, rs4975646, rs1048953, rs11133767, rs27048, rs40184). The SPSS sof tware was used for statistical analysis. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of genotypic frequencies was tested by the chi-square test. Results: We studied the association between HP and a set of SNPs from DRD1, DRD2 receptor genes and neurotransmitter transporter SLC6A3 in patients from Siberia with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia who were treated with classical and/or atypical antipsychotic drugs. All patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups: those with and without HP. Physiological normal results for the serum prolactin levels are less than 20 ng/ml in men, and less than 25 ng/ml in women. Statistically significant result was obtained for polymorphic variant rs2550956 of the gene SLC6A3 (χ2 = 9.992; p = 0.007), which suggests its involvement in the development of HP. The heterozygous genotype TC of rs2550956 was significantly less common in patients with elevated levels of prolactin and it presumably has protective properties (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.81). We did not find any statistically significant associations for other polymorphisms DRD1 (rs4532, rs936461), DRD2 (rs4245147, rs6279, rs2734842) and SLC6A3 (rs3756450, rs6347, rs2617605, rs3863145, rs250686, rs464049, rs4975646, rs1048953, rs11133767, rs27048, rs40184). The group of dopamine receptors is heterogeneous and only some of them participate in the formation of psychotic symptoms and, accord ingly, in the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics. The effect of neuroleptics on other groups of dopamine receptors leads to the development of different side effects including extrapyramidal disorders [4], and their role is extremely low in the formation of the actual therapeutic response. Conclusion: Our results indicate that genetic variants of SLC6A3 may have functional consequences on the modulation of prolactin secretion. Neurotransmitter systems are involved in the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs; therefore, a further search for genetic markers associated with the development of antipsychotic-related hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients is needed

The risk prediction of development of neuroleptic hyperprolactinemia based on genetic markers

Background: The main method to treatment of schizophrenia is long-term antipsychotic therapy, which not only improves the long-term prognosis of the disease and facilitates its transition to remission, but unfortunately also has a wide range of side effects such as hyperprolactinemia (HP) [1,2]. The main goal of pharmacogenetics is the search for predictors of response to therapy, as well as determining the probability of developing side effects [3]. The target genes of the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs are genes determining activity of neurotransmitter systems and genes of biotransformation of xenobiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the most significant socio-demographic, clinical and genetic indicators that significantly contribute to the development of HP. Methods: Four hundred and forty-six Russian patients with schizophrenia were examined. The average age of patients was 41.5 ± 13.4 years. Clinical symptomatology was assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, the scale of side effect assessment (UKU). Evaluation of serum prolactin level was performed by ELISA using reagents set PRL of Test System (USA). Regression analysis was performed with HP as a dependent dichotomous variable and polymorphisms as factors. After calculation of the regression model was performed mixed discriminant analysis followed by cross-valuation for the selected predictors. For the final model sensitivity, specificity, AUC (Area Under Curve), positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: We studied 88 neurotransmitter polymorphic genes variants including HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR3B, HTR6, HTR2A, HTR1A, HTR1B, DRD1, DRD2, DRD2/ANKK1, DRD3, DRD4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, COMT and genes of biotransformation of xenobiotics CYP1A2*1F, CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2C19*3, CYP2C19*17, CYP2C19*2, GSTP1. In patients without HP, the average level of the hormone was 12.9 [8.12; 16.85] ng/ml, and in patients with HP: 49.66 [32.47; 76.39] ng/ml. In the analysis of the distribution of patients by sex, the prevalence of patients of female gender was revealed in the group with HP (63.8%), and in the group without HP male sex was most prevalent (70.0%). This indicates that the female gender is a factor determining vulnerability regarding the development of this side effect on the background of antipsychotic therapy (p = 0.006). Based on the results of a pharmacogenetic research a molecular-genetic panel for the development of neuroendocrine side effects of antipsychotic therapy in patients with schizophrenia was developed, which includes both genetic variants and as other signs: age, sex, daily average antipsychotics doses (expressed in chlorpromazine equivalents), ``rs1176744” (HTR3B), ``rs10042486” (HTR1A), ``rs936461” (DRD4), ``rs134655" (DRD2), ``rs179997” (ATXN1), ``rs1076562” (DRD2), ``rs3773678” (DRD3), ``rs167771” (DRD3), ``rs1587756” (DRD3), ``rs3892097” (CYP2D6*4), ``rs1341239” (PRL), ``rs4975646” (SLC6A3), ``rs13333066” (SLC6A2). Conclusion: This molecular-genetic panel can be used to predict the risk of developing HP even before the start of treatment of patients with schizophrenia for purposeful individual therapeutic treatment in this category of patients. Work has been done with support of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-35-00023) Acknowledgement: Work has been done with support of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-35-00023