Acute and long-term pathological effects of COVID-19 on the placenta during second trimester and labor

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the world. The consequence of the COVID-19 infection causes many disorders in many organs, one of them is the placenta. COVID-19 disease has long-term effects on various tissues after recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the placentas of pregnant women with healthy, COVID-19 positive during the second trimester and labor. Material and methods: A total of twenty-four pregnant women (8 patients per each group) were included in the study. Their placentas were processed for routine paraffin wax embedding protocol. The blood parameters of patients were recorded. Placental tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye and immune stained with TNF-α and ADAMTS-8. Statistical analysis was performed on blood and histological parameters. Results: AST and CRP values of biochemical parameters were higher in women with second trimester and labor groups than in the healthy group. Also, a significant increase in ALT values was observed in the labor group. Normal histology was observed in the placentas of healthy patients. More histopathology was recorded in the placentas of COVID-19 infected women compared to healthy placentas. The expression of TNF-α and ADAMTS-8 were found significantly higher in the COVID-19 placentas compared to the non-COVID-19 group. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection can cause pathological changes during pregnancy and labor. This study shows that COVID-19 not only acutely has adverse effects on placental pathologies but also has long-term effects. TNF-α and ADAMTS-8 primary antibodies can be a guide in demonstrating these effects

Comparison of red blood cell transfusions effect and side effects by freshness of erythrocytes.

TEZ10894Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017.Kaynakça (s. 66-71) var.xii, 76 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm.Amaç: Kan plazma ve hücrelerden oluşan canlı bir dokudur. Kan transfüzyonu ise hücrelerin, dokuların ve organların nakli ile aynı işlemdir1. Kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu yerinde kullanıldığı zaman hayat kurtarıcı bir tedavidir. Güvenli ve etkili antikoagülasyon yöntemlerinin bulunması ve plastik kan torbalarının kullanılmaya başlanması ile kan ürünleri uzun süreli saklanabir hale gelmiştir2. Ek olarak çeşitli koruyucu solüsyonların kullanılması ile bu süreler daha da artırılmıştır. Örneğin: SAG-M, AS-1, AS-3 ve AS-5 gibi koruyucu solüsyonlu Eritrosit süspansiyonlarının (ES) saklama süreleri 42 gün, CPDA-1’de muhafaza edilenlerin ki 35 gün, CPD’da muhafaza edilenlerin ki ise 21 gündür3,4.Eritrosit süspansiyonlarının depolanma süresi ile ilişkili olarak bazı istenmeyen etkilerin ortaya çıkabileceği gündeme gelmiştir. Ayrıca uzamış depolanma süresi eritrosit canlılığını azalttığıda bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda, eritrosit süspansiyon transfüzyonu yapılan hastalarda etki ve yanetkilerin eritrosit tazeliğine göre karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları servislerinde temmuz 2016-mart 2017 yılları arasında çeşitli nedenlerle yatırılıp takiplerinde Eritrosit süspansiyon transfüzyonu (EST) yapılan hastalarda ES’nun yaşına göre transfüzyonun etkinliği ve akut yan etkileri prospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 616 EST’nun 377’si erkek (% 61,2), 239’u kadın hastalara (% 38,8) yapıldı. EST’u yapılan hastalarımızda ortalama hemoglobin değeri 7,4 g/dl, ortalama hematokrit değeri ise % 22,7 olarak bulundu. Eritrosit yaşı ortalama 4,9 gün idi. Transfüze edilen ES’larının 478’i 0-7 günlük (% 77,7), 137’si 8 gün ve üzeri günlük (% 22,3) idi. Sonuç: Her bir ünite 0-7 günlük ES’u transfüzyon sonrası hemoglobin düzeylerinde ortalama 0,9 g/dl artış sağlarken, her bir ünite 8 gün ve üzeri günlük ES’u transfüzyon sonrası hemoglobin düzeylerinde ortalama 1 g/dl artış sağladığı ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Akut transfüzyon reaksiyonları açısından da iki grup arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptanmıştır.Purpose: Blood is a living tissue, composed of plasma and cells. Blood transfusion is the same process as transplantation of cells, tissues and organs. Tranfussion of blood and blood products are life-saving treatments when used properly. With the availability of safe and effective anticoagulation methods and coming into use of plastic blood bags, blood products have been able to be stored for a long time. In addition, by the use of various preservative solutions that duration increased further. For example, retention times of erythrocyte suspensions with preservative solutions such as SAG-M, AS-1, AS-3 and AS-5 are 42 days, 35 days for CPDA-1, 21 days for CPD. It became a current issue that some undesirable effects may occur in relation to the storage period of erythrocyte suspensions. It is also known that the prolonged storage period reduces aliveness of erythrocyte. In this study, it is aimed to compare the effects and side effects in terms of erythrocyte freshness in patients who undergo transfusion of erythrocyte suspension. Materials and Methods: In this study, the efficiency and acute side effects of transfusion with regards of the age of ES in patients, who were admitted to Çukurova University Medical Faculty Internal Medicine Department between July 2016 and March 2017 for various reasons and who had undergone transfusion of erythrocyte suspension, are prospectively evaluated. Findings: 377 men (% 61.2) and 239 women (% 38.8) of 616 EST were included in the study. The average hemoglobin value was found as 7.4 g/dl and the averagehematocrit value was found as% 22.7 in our patients with EST. The average age of erythrocytes was 4.9 days. 478 of the transfused ES were 0-7 days old (% 77,7), 137 of the transfused ES were 8 days old and over (% 22,3). Conclusion: While each unit provides an average increase as 0,9 g/dl in hemoglobin levels after ES transfusion of 0-7 old days, each unit increased the mean hemoglobin levels by 1 g/dl after 8 days and over daily of transfusion with erythrocyte suspension and no statistically significant difference was found.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of acute transfusion reactions

Comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM and IgG antibody test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection

In the present study, we compared the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and total IgM-IgG antibody tests for diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 patients. SARS-CoV-2 patients were divided into four additional subgroups according to clinical examination, and Computed Tomography (CT) for SARS-CoV-2. Groups were included 60 mild cases, 111 moderate cases, 53 severe cases, and 105 normal cases. In a mild group, 52.5% of 60 cases were found to be male, 45.9% female, and the average age was found as 38.4 ±2.011. The positive ratio was found as 80.3% in the RT-PCR test, while 39.3% in total IgM/IgG. In a moderate group, 49.1% of 111 cases were found to be male, 50% female, and the average age was 45.05 ±1.519. The positive ratio was found as 85.7% in the RT-PCR test while 54.5% in total IgM/IgG. In a severe group, 53.7%of 53 cases were found to be male, 44.4% female, and the average age was 55.5±2.122. The positive ratio was found as 75.9% both in RT-PCR and total IgM/IgG tests. In a normal group with no involvement according to Computed Tomography (CT), 49.1%of 105 cases were found to be male, 50% female, and the average age was found as 34.8±1.391. The positive ratio was found as 95.3% in the RT-PCR test while 5.7% in total IgM/IgG. Chronic diseases were detected more in severe cases, suggesting that persons who have chronic diseases or decreased immunity, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and lung disease, are at a higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2. According to our results, we can suggest a higher detection sensibility in RT-PCR than in total IgM/IgG antibody test for mild, moderate and normal group, while the detection sensibility of IgM/IgG antibody increases in a severe group with bilateral diffuse involvement according to CT

Analysis of the Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Other Diagnoses of Patients by Data Mining Techniques

One of the most common disorders is vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency in individuals with a vitamin D level of less than 20 ng / ml has been studied in previous studies, which is also associated with other diagnoses. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D deficiency patients with other diagnoses. In this respect, a data set consisting of patients whose vitamin d levels have been measured in a public hospital for the last 3 years has been provided. Using this data set, the association rule analysis of data mining techniques was performed. Apriori algorithm was preferred in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, 22 association rules were determined and interpreted