Integration of Islamic input in medical curriculum - Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) experience

Muslim doctors are those qualified doctors who practise their professional knowledge and skills in line with Islam and upholds the highest standards of ethical and professional behaviour. The medical curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) was designed with the integration of Islamic input which aims at producing doctors who are able to practise medicine that is integrated with Islamic, moral and ethical values. Halaqah Studies and Fundamental Islamic Knowledge (FIK) courses such as History of Medicine in Islam, Science and Medicine in Quran and Sunnah, Akhlak and Tasawuf, Islamic Jurisprudence and Medical Ethics and Fiqh Issues are taught to students during the pre-clinical and clinical phases. Memorization of selected Quranic verses throughout the programme aim to get the students to apply the verses of the al-Quran into practice in everyday life and especially in their clinical practice. Islamic values are emphasised during doctor-patient interactions in all clinical postings. Islamic knowledge and values integrated in the curriculum are assessed in written and clinical examinations. The outcome of the integration of the Naqli component in the medical curriculum has been demonstrated positively by the students in the patient management problems and clinical consultations. Studies on the outcome of the integrated Islamic input in the medical curriculum among the clinical students and graduates are being carried out

JOINT ANGLE PRODUCTION DURING SQUASH FOREHAND AND BACKHAND STROKE

The paper discusses the production of joint angles at the upper limb joint of forehand and backhand strokes during contact phase. There are eight significant joint anatomical profiles that were investigated namely; trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation, shoulder adduction, shoulder rotation, elbow flexion, wrist flexion and wrist pronation.. A female intermediate squash player participated in this study and data were collected using a 250 Hz VICON MX motion analysis system. The results show that the extension of the elbow joint and pronation/supination of the wrist played important role in generating racquet head velocity during contact

Streptokinase after spinal anaesthesia – a case report

The use of thrombolytic agent e.g. streptokinase is indicated in patients with early acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (if there are no contraindications) is becoming increasingly routine. Its use is however significantly limited by bleeding complications. Spinal epidural haematoma (SEH) is haemorrhage in the spinal epidural space after spinal anaesthesia. SEH may be acute or chronic,spontaneous, posttraumatic, or iatrogenic but its occurrence appears to be particularly associated with acquired coagulopathy from medications and disease states. Patients usually present with acute axial spine pain and evolving focal neurological deficits. With increasing number of available anticoagulants and patient receiving them, anaesthesiologists today have to face the challenge ofbalancing between risks and benefits of regional anesthesia in patients under such medications. The treatment of this condition involves the principles of conservative follow-up directed by an improving examination and an understanding of thepathophysiology of coagulopathy-induced spontaneous epidural bleeds. When thediagnosis is accomplished rapidly, surgical decompression can result in full functional recovery

Evaluation of genotype x environment interaction on morphological characteristics of eight selected Labisia pumila var. alata clones (Kacip Fatimah) by Francis and Kannenbergs method

Since Labisia pumila species are not yet produce locally, it is important for this species to undergo propagation and testing at different environment in different location so that only variety or clones that has good mean plant growth over a wide range of environments can be identified as well as introduced to Malaysia farmer. In other means, the selected clones of L. pumila produced are genetically superior and genetically stable. The aim of this study is to evaluate interaction of genotype x environment between eight selected Labisia pumila var. alata clones and to identify stability of these eight clones respected to plant growth characteristics; plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and collar region. Eight clones (KF01, KF02, KF03, KF04, KF05, KF06, KF07 and KF08) had tested at four different locations of FRIM Research Station; SPF Mata Ayer, Perlis; SPF Maran, Pahang; SPF Setiu, Terengganu; and FRIM Kepong, Selangor. The experimental unit consisted of 3 blocks, 0.7 m between clone and 0.4 m within rows in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at area of 0.04 ha under a drip irrigation system. Clones main effect from ANOVA analysis was found in give highly contribution for the phenotypic expression of this species at each locations. Across locations, highly significant was found for clone and location / (GXE) effects. The interaction existed raised the need to use stabilityanalysis by Francis and Kannenberg’s method to predict the stability. Results scattergram from Francis and Kannenberg’s method showed that clones KF07 and KF08 were shows its superiority in growth performances as both present in Group I. Thus, both were selected as potential elite planting materials as they considered stable and perform well in various range of environments at four locations trial

Smoker desaturation during general anaesthesia: a case report

We report a case of sudden hypoxaemia after intubation in a patient who had smoked a few hours prior to a surgical procedure. The cause of his desaturation was not related to bronchial secretions, bronchospasm or obstruction of the upper airways but most likely due to reduced oxygen saturation in the body prior to surgery. We managed to secure the airway and prevent prolonged desaturation by instituting remedial measures. Our conclusion is that cessation of smoking is very important and need to be emphasized in all patients having surgery under general anaesthesia. This applies to emergency cases as well

The effect of nickel doping on SAC305 lead-free solders and EN(B)EPIG surface finish

Recently, there are many portable electronics product such as i-pad, smart phone and tablet were widely used due to growing needs of busy lives and demanding, more functionalities and compatibility. The growing of these smart technologies made electronic packaging are moving parallel with current technology and expanding rapidly because of global competitive pressure. Thus, flip chip technology is one of the important element need to be considered in order to produce high performance and quality of electronic devices due to shorter electrical connections between the chip and substrate and very high input/output capacity and the smallest possible package size. In flip chip applications, solder bump was used to connect the die to the substrate or circuit board. The addition of doping element in lead-free solder has been discussed have a big influence on the solder joint quality including solder microstructure. It also can enhanced the properties and improve the performance of interfacial reaction at interface and made a reliability of lead-free solder especially on Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was increased. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of nickel doping on Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solders and electroless nickel (boron)/electroless palladium/immersion gold (EN(B)EPIG) surface finish. In this study, two types of lead-free solders was used which are Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.05Ni (SACN30505) with solder size diameter of 500 μm in order to examine the effect of nickel on interfacial reaction during soldering process. Reliability of solder joint has been assessed by performing solid state isothermal aging at 125C for 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 hours. Several characterization techniques will be conducted including image analyzer, optical microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to characterize the intermetallic formed. After reflow soldering process, it was found that the (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 intermetallic compound (IMC) is formed at interface. (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 dominates in the outside of solder joint while (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 dominates in the centre of joints. Besides that, after soldering and isothermal aging process, SAC305 solder with additions of 0.05% of Ni (SACN30505) made the intermetallics grew slightly faster than in the solder without Ni additions. Hence, analysis by optical microscope revealed that the IMC thickness of the SACN30505 solder produced thicker IMC compared to SAC305 for both situations. This observation is confirmed by the increase in grain size of intermetallics with Ni additions. Moreover, aging time resulted in an increase in thickness and changed the morphology into more spherical, dense and large grain size. In addition, the results also revealed that the thickness of intermetallics formed is proportional to the aging duration

Educating future medical professionals with the fundamentals of law and ethics

The increasing awareness amongst the society on medico-legal issues as well as the growth of consumerist attitude towards the provision of medical services has caused the medical profession to be subjected to vociferous criticism if they do not meet rising expectations of the society. Substandard services have not been well tolerated and paternalistic approaches in medical treatment are considered to be outmoded and inappropriate. Any dissatisfaction on the part of the patient towards medical services provided nowadays may easily trigger claims in the court of law. This changing trend has also fundamentally changed the behaviour of the courts towards the medical profession. Judicial and legislative interventions in medical practice have created more and more rights for the patients and consequently, corresponding legal duties for the medical profession to uphold. In the present healthcare setting, the medical profession will not be able to provide infallible services without knowledge of the legal standards which they have to adhere. Thus, educating future medical professionals with the fundamentals of law and ethics would ensure greater accountability, knowledge and personal commitment in providing medical services to the society as the ideals of professionalism not only require them to have the necessary expertise, dedication, respect, compassion, empathy, honesty, altruism, responsibility, integrity, self-improvement and accountability but also adherence to the demands of law and highest ethical standards

Household solid waste disposal pattern in Malaysia

The progress of a developing country has resulted in a growing increase in solid waste. The growing population and the urbanization process have raised the problem of excessive use in today's society where it has adversely affected environmental sustainability. Zero waste management is an activity that maximizes the practice of recycling and minimizes excess waste, reduces usage and ensures that goods used can be recycled, reused, repaired and composted. The main objective of this study is to examine the pattern of household solid waste disposal among Malaysian consumers. A total of 605 respondents were involved in this study via multistage random sampling. The study area was divided into four main zones in Peninsular Malaysia, namely the north, west, south and east zones. One state among the gazetted states was selected from each of the zone and the main city was chosen as the location of the study resulting in four states namely Penang, Putrajaya Federal Territory, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. The relevant cities were Seberang Perai, Putrajaya, Seremban and Kuantan. Visitors coming to the main mall in each city were approached to participate in the survey. The data were collected through a set of self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 24 software. Respondents in this study involved various levels of age, race, gender, education level and income. Results found that most respondents (65.8%) knew about the zero waste program and more than half of the respondents (53.2%) were segregating solid waste at home. In addition, respondents also segregate solid waste almost daily according to the predetermined categories. It can be concluded that although respondents know about segregating of solid waste and always segregating but respondents still do not know about the collection system done by the authorities and ultimately it implicates the government and stakeholders to be able to play their role in the management of solid waste in the direction of these zero wastes

Thermal cyclic test for Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu solders on high P Ni/Au and Ni/Pd/Au surface finishes

In electronic packaging, the reliability of the interconnection changes with the surface finish and the type of solders being used. Thermal cycling is one method of reliability assessment. In thermal cycling experiments, the strain state is simplified by soldering together regular shaped pieces of materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion and exposing the joint to repeated fluctuations of temperature within a certain range. Thus, this study focuses on the intermetallic evolution of Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu on Ni/Au and Ni/Pd/Au surface finishes with thermal cycling up to 1000 cycles with the range of temperature varying from 10 to 80°C. Sandwich samples were prepared by placing solder balls of Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu between two substrates of two different surface finishes: Ni/Au and Ni/Pd/Au. Optical microscope and FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope) were used to analyze the samples. From the study, it was observed that the intermetallic changes from (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 to (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 after 1000 thermal cycles for Ni/Au. These changes promote the formation of cracks at the solder joint because of the different mechanical properties between Ni-Sn based intermetallic and Cu-Sn intermetallics. However, for the Ni/Pd/Au surface finishes, no cracks formed after thermal cycling up to 1000 cycles. This shows that the reliability of the solder joint is higher for Ni/Pd/Au surface finishes in this experiment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the reliability of the Ni/Pd/Au surface finishes with Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu solders is higher within the given condition of this research