Investigation of MIG welding to the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel

A welding process was performed on the low carbon steel based on different welding parameters in this experiment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of welding voltages (19 V, 20 V, 21 V, and 22 V) and wire feed rates (90 ipm, 100 ipm, 110 ipm, and 120 ipm) to the corrosion behaviour of welded carbon steel in synthetic seawater environment (3.5 wt% NaCl). Besides that, the microstructure changes in the weldments of maximum and minimum voltages were analysed and compared with the as-received sample before welding process. On the other hand, the penetration level of the weldments was analysed due to the different welding parameter. The welding method in this experiment was metal inert gas (MIG) with filler metal (ER 70S-6 with 1.2 mm diameter). Based on the results obtained, the corrosion rate decreased when the welding voltage was increased from 19 V to 22 V or when the wire feed rate was increased from 90 ipm to 120 ipm until the full penetration level of weldment occurred. In conclusion, the lowest corrosion rate occurred at highest welding voltage and highest wire feed rate when full penetration of weldment occurred. The corrosion product that formed on the surface of the sample was iron oxides and pitting was found on the surface of the exposed area after the corrosion test

RaLLe: A Framework for Developing and Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models

Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building R-LLMs provide high-level abstractions without sufficient transparency for evaluating and optimizing prompts within specific inference processes such as retrieval and generation. To address this gap, we present RaLLe, an open-source framework designed to facilitate the development, evaluation, and optimization of R-LLMs for knowledge-intensive tasks. With RaLLe, developers can easily develop and evaluate R-LLMs, improving hand-crafted prompts, assessing individual inference processes, and objectively measuring overall system performance quantitatively. By leveraging these features, developers can enhance the performance and accuracy of their R-LLMs in knowledge-intensive generation tasks. We open-source our code at https://github.com/yhoshi3/RaLLe.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, see https://youtu.be/JYbm75qnfTg for the demonstration screencas

SimplyRetrieve: A Private and Lightweight Retrieval-Centric Generative AI Tool

Large Language Model (LLM) based Generative AI systems have seen significant progress in recent years. Integrating a knowledge retrieval architecture allows for seamless integration of private data into publicly available Generative AI systems using pre-trained LLM without requiring additional model fine-tuning. Moreover, Retrieval-Centric Generation (RCG) approach, a promising future research direction that explicitly separates roles of LLMs and retrievers in context interpretation and knowledge memorization, potentially leads to more efficient implementation. SimplyRetrieve is an open-source tool with the goal of providing a localized, lightweight, and user-friendly interface to these sophisticated advancements to the machine learning community. SimplyRetrieve features a GUI and API based RCG platform, assisted by a Private Knowledge Base Constructor and a Retrieval Tuning Module. By leveraging these capabilities, users can explore the potential of RCG for improving generative AI performance while maintaining privacy standards. The tool is available at https://github.com/RCGAI/SimplyRetrieve with an MIT license.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Spatial and temporal variation in the distribution of juvenile southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii: implication for precise estimation of recruitment abundance indices

Acoustic tags were used to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of southern bluefin tuna (SBT) in southern Western Australia, which is in a region where fishery-independent acoustic surveys of the recruitment abundance index of SBT have been historically undertaken. We investigated patterns of SBT distribution within and inshore of the acoustic survey area during three summer seasons. Annual differences in distribution patterns were characterized by two distinctive migration pathways. An inshore-migrating pathway was observed in two seasons (2004/2005 and 2006/2007), with a relatively high proportion of tagged SBT (84.5, 65.0%) migrating inshore of the acoustic survey area. The other pathway was concentrated along the shelf (2005/2006 season), with an estimated 63.3% of tagged SBT moving within the survey area. These variable migration patterns may bias the interannual fluctuations in abundance indices. Current survey methods can be modified to include both inshore and continental shelf areas. This contribution shows that the accuracy of acoustic surveys can be improved by including ecological patterns

A Study on the Measures for the Promotion of Sports : In the Case of a Rural Community in the Tohoku Provinces

The measures for the promotion of sports, recreation, and exercise activities are influenced by various factors, i.e. properties of community, the present organization and institution of physical recreation, and sport involvement of people. This study focuses on a new program of the measures for the promotion of sports by using the verification of the social background, sport involvement, and the needs for the measures. The community in this study is located in the Tohoku provinces and has rural characteristics. The population is about 32 thousands. The survey was conducted to 668 men and 681 women by using the questionnaire method concerning the social background, sport involvement, and the needs for the measures. In this community, people live in and work in the same area or near-by area. About 54 percent of men and about 65 percent of women are interested in sport participation but they complain the lack of oppotunities. When people try to participate in physical activities, there are some difficulties concerning leisure-time, near-by facilities, participants\u27 skill and instruction. The most appropriate and capable sports are jogging, hiking, swimming, and skiing for men, while Kenko-Taiso (light physical conditioning, stretching and aerobic dance), badominton, table tennis, and valleyball for women. For effective program of the measures for the promotion of sports, recreation, and exercise activities, the social situations and sport involvement of the community must be well considered