Injectivity theorem for pseudo-effective line bundles and its applications

We formulate and establish a generalization of Koll'ar's injectivity theorem for adjoint bundles twisted by a suitable multiplier ideal sheaf. As applications, we generalize Koll'ar's vanishing theorem, Koll'ar's torsion-freeness, generic vanishing theorem, and so on, for pseudo-effective line bundles. Our approach is not Hodge theoretic but analytic, which enables us to treat singular hermitian metrics with nonalgebraic singularities. For the proof of the main injectivity theorem, we use the theory of harmonic integrals on noncompact K"ahler manifolds. For applications, we prove a Bertini-type theorem on the restriction of multiplier ideal sheaves to general members of free linear systems, which seems to be of independent interest.Comment: 34 pages, v2: minor revisions, problem on Bertini-type theorem was added, reference list was update

Asymmetric Introduction of Nucleophiles to the 2-Position of Pyrrolidine Ring through N-Acylpyrrolidinium Ion

Asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction at the 2-position of a pyrrolidine ring was achieved. The reaction involved a chiral Ti(IV) catalyzed coupling between 1-methoxycarboyl-2-methoxypyrrolidine and silyl enol ethers to afford 2-substituted pyrrolidines with up to 53 % ee

Memory of Chirality in the Electrochemical Oxidation of N-o-Phenylbenzoylated Prolinols

Memory of chirality in electrochemical carbon-carbon bond cleavage of N-o-phenylbenzoylated (S)-prolinol derivatives was observed. Substituents of the α-position affected the ee of the products. The reaction of α,α-diarylated (S)-prolinol derivatives proceeded smoothly to afford optically active α-methoxylated pyrrolidine with up to 73% ee

Stereoselective synthesis of 3-deoxy-piperidine iminosugars from l-lysine

A new method using electrochemical oxidation and/or OsO4 oxidation has been used for the stereoselective synthesis of 2,3,6-trihydroxylated (5S)-piperidine derivatives. The electrochemical method was successively used for the conversion of N-protected piperidines to N-protected 1-methoxypiperidines and for the conversion of 2,3-didehydro-1-methoxypiperidine derivatives to 2,3-trans-1,2,3-triacetoxypiperidine derivatives. These triacetates were easily transformed into (2S,3S)-6-triacetoxy-(5S)-methylpiperidine and (2R,3R)-6-triacetoxy-(5S)-methylpiperidine. In addition, the 2,3-cis-dihydroxylation of 2,3-didehydro-1-methoxypiperidine derivatives with OsO4 afforded (2R,3S)-6-triacetoxy-(5S)-methylpiperidine and (2S,3R)-6-triacetoxy-(5S)-methylpiperidine

Catalytic monoalkylation of 1,2-diols

A catalytic monoalkylation of 1,2-diols by using a weak base has been developed. Copper(II) dichloride and boronic acids are effective catalysts for activating 1,2-diols in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base. Various 1,2-diols were selectively monoalkylated with allyl-, benzyl- and alkyl- halides in DMF by choosing a suitable catalyst for each 1,2-diols

Copper complex catalyzed asymmetric monosulfonylation of meso-vic-diols

Asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-vic-diols was performed by tosylation in the presence of copper(II) triflate and (R,R)-Ph-BOX as a catalyst. The method was successfully applied to asymmetric desymmetrization of cyclic and acyclic meso-vic-diols in high enantioselectivity with up to >99% ee

Nonenzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic β-hydroxyalkanephosphonates with a chiral copper catalyst

Kinetic resolution of β-hydroxyalkanephosphonates was efficiently performed by 2-fluorobenzoylation in the presence of copper(II) triflate and (R,R)-Ph-BOX as a catalyst with good s value of up to 21

New organic activators for the enantioselective reduction of aromatic imines with trichlorosilane

N-Picolinoyl-(2S)-(diphenylhydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine was found to work as an organic activator in the reduction of aromatic imines to the corresponding amines by Cl3SiH. The highest selectivity was 80% ee. These are the first data showing that N-formyl group is not always essential as N-protecting group of pyrrolidine derivatives for the reduction of imines by Cl3SiH

Asymmetric oxidation of 1,2-diols using N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of chiral copper catalyst

Asymmetric oxidation of 1,2-diols using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of copper(II) triflate and (R,R)-Ph-BOX has been exploited. This oxidation was applicable to asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-hydrobenzoin and kinetic resolution of dl-hydrobenzoin and racemic-cycloalkane-cis-1,2-diols to afford optically active ﾎｱ-ketoalcohols with good to high enantiomeric excess

Distribution and roles of substance P in human parotid duct

Sialadenitis occurs with greatest frequency in the parotid glands because infection and inflammation arise easily from the oral cavity. Since patients often experience severe swelling and pain during inflammation, the distribution of sensory nerves in these ducts may have clinical significance. We used antibodies to the known neuropeptide substance P and to tyrosine hydroxylase - a marker of adrenergic fibres - to observe their distribution and gain insight on their functional role in adult human parotid duct. After excising the parotid duct along with the gland, specimens were divided into three regions: the tract adjacent to the parotid gland, the route along the anterior surface of the masseter, and the area where the duct penetrates the buccinator muscle and opens into the oral cavity. Specimens were prepared and examined under a fluorescence microscope following immunostaining. Substance P positivity was observed in all three regions of the duct, whereas tyrosine hydroxylase was distributed mainly in the vascular walls and surrounding areas. The distribution of substance P candidates this molecule to assist in tissue defense in conjunction with the blood and lymph vessels of this area. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the blood vessel wall likely contributes to regulation of blood flow in concert with substance P positive nerves surrounding the blood vessels