A Method of Shape Recognition Using CAD Data and Vertex-Dictionary

We reason the circumstances around the three-dimensional vertex from the information about the intersection point in the two-dimensional image data inputted from a camera on the premise that we use this method as the eye ot the robot. In this method, we use the Vertex-Dictionary. We make the Vertex-Dictionary by calculation from CAD data of object figure (these data are already known) and the position data of the point of view. This dictionary includes the data of position and relations of connect surface etc. about a vertex. We get the data of three-dimensional vertex by comparison the data of two-dimensional intersection point in image data and Vertex-Dictionary. And we get the three-dimensional object by reasoning about the information of circumstances of all vertexes. Then we can recognize the three-dimensional object from image data. In this report, we explain the process to calculate the Vertex-Dictionary and some examples about this method

Extreme High Yield of Tropical Rice Grown Without Fertilizer on Acid Sulfate Soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Extreme High Yield of Tropical Rice Grown Without Fertilizer on Acid Sulfate Soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia (E Purnomo, Y Hashidoko, T Hasegawa and M Osaki): Local rice arieties are commonly grown by the farmers located in acid sulfate soil area of South Kalimantan. In South Kalimantan, more than 100 local rice varieties can be found. In 1999, a farmer found one hill (with 5 tillers) rice plant near a canal, later called Padi Panjang. The rice had panicle length of 50 cm. The panicle length of common local rice varieties are 25 cm. Since the finding, the farmer multiplied the seed for 3 years to get a reasonable amount of seeds for nearby farmers to use. In 2004, there were 25 farmers grow the Padi Panjang by themselves. Their paddocks are widely spread out in Aluh-Aluh and Gambut districts. We take this opportunity to investigate yield variation of the Padi Panjang that may be affected by soil properties variability. Ten paddocks out of the 25 paddock were selected. At harvest time (in July-August), we measured the rice yield and collected soil sample from the 10 paddocks. We found that the soil condition in the selected paddocks were marginally suitable for growing improved rice. Without fertilizer, however, the rice yield varied from 3.21 to 8.09 Mg ha-1. We also observed that the rice yield variations associated with tillers number. We did not find any correlation between rice yields with some selected soil properties, except it was observed that the tillers number was negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity (EC). The extreme yield of Padi Panjang might be explained the involvement of N fixing bacteria and P solubilizing bacteria, large rooting system and the ability of Padi Panjang root in modifying the rhizosphere soil

DIVERSITY OF APHYLLOPHORALES FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TANJUNG PUTING NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AND ITS POTENTIALITY FOR LIGNIN DECOMPOSITION

A total of fifty-three samples of fungal basidiocarp were collected from peat area in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. These samples are mostly determined to genus until more studies are available.The fungi were isolated on CMA medium then the isolated strains were purified on PDA medium. The fungi belong to at least 3 families of Aphyllophorales, however there were a wide diversity in the genus with respect to macroscopic examination.An agar plate screening procedures was developed for the rapid selection of fungi and estimation of their capacity for lignin-decomposer. The test is based on the visualization and interpretation of the formation of halo zone or decolourization process in well-defined agar medium containing Poly R-478. The selected isolates were also tested in to rhemazol brilliant blue R salt (RBBR) medium. Five isolates had the ability to decolourize either Poly R-478 or RBBR. These isolates showed a qualitative lignin decomposition although a comparative study of selected fungi revealed the difference potentiality. The highest loss of lignin was 28.18% and attempts have been made to determine the unidentified fungi, which is resupinate type, by direct sequencing of 18s ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

A Method of Shape Recognition Using Geometry Information

At present, the two dimensional CAD systems which are used to make drawings go around widely. But in order to use design data at the lower stream of production process, the replacement from the two dimensional CAD systems to the three dimensional CAD systems have started. Accordingly it is dimensional drawings for the three dimensional shapes. And it is also necessary to store them in the three dimensional CAD systems. And in the studying of the machine vision which is often used as "Eyes of robot" , it is being studied the method to recognize the three dimensional objects from the two dimensional image. This is the problem about data exchange, too. Therefore in this report, we propose the method to exchange the plural two dimensional elements of figure from image relations between elements were found from reference of the element coordinates. Next, the three dimensional shapes were reasoned from reference of the knowledge (for corner, etc) prepared beforehand. Then that data were exchanged to the three dimensional CAD data. We report one example about this method

Sugar signalling mediates cluster root formation and phosphorus starvation-induced gene expression in white lupin

Cluster root (CR) formation contributes much to the adaptation to phosphorus (P) deficiency. CR formation by white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is affected by the P-limiting level in shoots, but not in roots. Thus, shoot-derived signals have been expected to transmit the message of P-deficiency to stimulate CR formation. In this study, it is shown that sugars are required for a response to P starvation including CR formation and the expression of P starvation-induced genes. White lupin plants were grown in vitro on P-sufficient or P-deficient media supplemented with sucrose for 4 weeks. Sucrose supply stimulated CR formation in plants on both P-sufficient and P-deficient media, but no CR appeared on the P-sufficient medium without sucrose. Glucose and fructose also stimulated CR formation on the P-sufficient medium. On the medium with sucrose, a high concentration of inorganic phosphate in leaves did not suppress CR formation. Because sorbitol or organic acid in the media did not stimulate CR formation, the sucrose effect was not due to increased osmotic pressure or enriched energy source, that is, sucrose acted as a signal. Gene transcription induced by P starvation, LaPT1 and LaPEPC3, was magnified by the combination of P limitation and sucrose feeding, and that of LaSAP was stimulated by sucrose supply independently of P supply. These results suggest that at least two sugar-signalling mediating systems control P starvation responses in white lupin roots. One system regulates CR formation and LaSAP expression, which acts even when P is sufficient if roots receive sugar as a signal. The other system controls LaPT1 and LaPEPC3 expression, which acts when P is insufficient

Rehabilitation of Devastated Peat Lands and Establishment of Sustainable Agro-systems Through Buffer Zone Planning in Central Kalimantan

Under the slogan of sustainable development, forests on the peat swamp and wetland area have been destroyed in tropical area.Needless to say, since it is very difficult to develop peat swamp and wetland, those huge areas still remain in natural or sub-natural conditions.Therefore, those areas have been considering as the key ecosystem for not only reserving bio resources and biodiversity, but also reducing carbon efflux owing to degradation of peat,stocking of carbon in forests,or controlling water balance.However, now, the peat swamp and wetland in tropical area face to the crisis of disappearance due to human impact,which isaccelerated by recent abnormal and unusual global climate changes

Time for responsible peatland agriculture

Letter

Diversity of Aphyllophorales Fungi Isolated From Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan and Its Potentiality for Lignin Decomposition

A total of fifty-three samples of fungal basidiocarp were collected from peat area in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. These samples are mostly determined to genus until more studies are available.The fungi were isolated on CMA medium then the isolated strains were purified on PDA medium. The fungi belong to at least 3 families of Aphyllophorales, however there were a wide diversity in the genus with respect to macroscopic examination.An agar plate screening procedures was developed for the rapid selection of fungi and estimation of their capacity for lignin-decomposer. The test is based on the visualization and interpretation of the formation of halo zone or decolourization process in well-defined agar medium containing Poly R-478. The selected isolates were also tested in to rhemazol brilliant blue R salt (RBBR) medium. Five isolates had the ability to decolourize either Poly R-478 or RBBR. These isolates showed a qualitative lignin decomposition although a comparative study of selected fungi revealed the difference potentiality. The highest loss of lignin was 28.18% and attempts have been made to determine the unidentified fungi, which is resupinate type, by direct sequencing of 18s ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

Root-induced Changes in the Rhizosphere of Extreme High Yield Tropical Rice: 2. Soil Solution Chemical Properties

Our previous studies showed that the extreme high yield tropical rice (Padi Panjang) produced 3-8 t ha-1 without fertilizers. We also found that the rice yield did not correlate with some soil properties. We thought that it may be due to ability of root in affecting soil properties in the root zone. Therefore, we studied the extent of rice root in affecting the chemical properties of soil solution surrounding the root zone. A homemade rhizobox (14x10x12 cm) was used in this experiment. The rhizobox was vertically segmented 2 cm interval using nylon cloth that could be penetrated neither root nor mycorrhiza, but, soil solution was freely passing the cloth. Three soils of different origins (Kuin, Bunipah and Guntung Papuyu) were used. The segment in the center was sown with 20 seeds of either Padi Panjang or IR64 rice varieties. After emerging, 10 seedlings were maintained for 5 weeks. At 4 weeks after sowing, some chemical properties of the soil solution were determined. These were ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe2+) concentrations and pH, electric conductivity (EC) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP). In general, the plant root changed solution chemical properties both in- and outside the soil rhizosphere. The patterns of changes were affected by the properties of soil origins. The release of exudates and change in ORP may have been responsible for the changes soil solution chemical properties.Keywords: Ammonium, electrical conductivity, iron, nitrate, oxidation reduction potential, pH, phosphorus [How to Cite: Purnomo E, D Choiron, R Yulia, H Halim, Krisdianto, A Hairani and M Osaki. 2012. Adding Organic Matter Enhanced the Effectiveness of Silicate Rock Fertilizer for Food Crops Grown on Nutritionally Root-induced Changes in the Rhizosphere of Extreme High Yield Tropical Rice: 2. Soil Solution Chemical Properties. J Trop Soils, 17 (3): 67-74. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.189][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.189