Screening Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance of the Japanese Population in a Rural Area of Japan: The Tottori-Kofu Study

We performed the Tottori-Kofu Study to develop an early detection method of the Japanese with diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), using simple predictors such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and other risk information obtainable from basic medical check-ups. In 2005, 734 residents of Kofu Town received a basic medical check-up including blood examination. Some of them meeting the following criteria further underwent the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) ? FPG < 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL); or FPG < 5.5 mmol/L, HbA1c ? 5.5%, BMI ? 25 kg/m2, triglyceride ? 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL), hypertension treatment and family history of DM. Among the 734, only 4 persons with FPG ? 7.0 mmol/L were newly diagnosed as having DM, and 17 persons with FPG ? 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) were diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose. Among 220 persons who received the OGTT, 115 had normal glucose tolerance, 85 had IGT and 20 had DM. When the above-mentioned criteria were added to FPG levels, additional 67 persons with abnormal glucose tolerance were found. The optimal level to detect IGT and DM was 5.2 mmol/L (93 mg/dL) for FPG and 5.3% for HbA1c. Of persons only with the single risk factor of hypertension treatment, 39.3% had IGT. In conclusion, the results indicate that FPG of 5.2 mmol/L (93 mg/dL), HbA1c of 5.3% and hypertension treatment are useful in detecting early stages of IGT and DM

Screening Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance of the Japanese Population in a Rural Area of Japan: The Tottori-Kofu Study

We performed the Tottori-Kofu Study to develop an early detection method of the Japanese with diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), using simple predictors such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and other risk information obtainable from basic medical check-ups. In 2005, 734 residents of Kofu Town received a basic medical check-up including blood examination. Some of them meeting the following criteria further underwent the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) ? FPG < 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL); or FPG < 5.5 mmol/L, HbA1c ? 5.5%, BMI ? 25 kg/m2, triglyceride ? 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL), hypertension treatment and family history of DM. Among the 734, only 4 persons with FPG ? 7.0 mmol/L were newly diagnosed as having DM, and 17 persons with FPG ? 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) were diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose. Among 220 persons who received the OGTT, 115 had normal glucose tolerance, 85 had IGT and 20 had DM. When the above-mentioned criteria were added to FPG levels, additional 67 persons with abnormal glucose tolerance were found. The optimal level to detect IGT and DM was 5.2 mmol/L (93 mg/dL) for FPG and 5.3% for HbA1c. Of persons only with the single risk factor of hypertension treatment, 39.3% had IGT. In conclusion, the results indicate that FPG of 5.2 mmol/L (93 mg/dL), HbA1c of 5.3% and hypertension treatment are useful in detecting early stages of IGT and DM

Loss of runt-related transcription factor 3 expression leads hepatocellular carcinoma cells to escape apoptosis

Background: Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is known as a tumor suppressor gene for gastric cancer and other cancers, this gene may be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: RUNX3 expression was analyzed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry in HCC cells and tissues, respectively. Hep3B cells, lacking endogenous RUNX3, were introduced with RUNX3 constructs. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated using DAPI staining. Apoptosis signaling was assessed by immunoblot analysis. Results: RUNX3 protein expression was frequently inactivated in the HCC cell lines (91%) and tissues (90%). RUNX3 expression inhibited 90 +/- 8% of cell growth at 72 h in serum starved Hep3B cells. Forty-eight hour serum starvation-induced apoptosis and the percentage of apoptotic cells reached 31 +/- 4% and 4 +/- 1% in RUNX3-expressing Hep3B and control cells, respectively. Apoptotic activity was increased by Bim expression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Conclusion: RUNX3 expression enhanced serum starvation-induced apoptosis in HCC cell lines. RUNX3 is deleted or weakly expressed in HCC, which leads to tumorigenesis by escaping apoptosis

Fully Transparent, Ultrathin Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Additive Integration for Bioelectronic Applications

Optical transparency is highly desirable in bioelectronic sensors because it enables multimodal optical assessment during electronic sensing. Ultrathin (90%) and high transconductance (≈1 mS) in low-voltage operations (<0.6 V). Further, electroencephalogram acquisition and nitrate ion sensing are demonstrated in addition to the compatibility of simultaneous assessments of optical blood flowmetry when the transparent OECTs are worn, owing to the transparency. These feasibility demonstrations show promise in contributing to human stress monitoring in bioelectronics