Evaluating prey preferences of an insectivorous bird species based on different sampling methods

Decline in populations of farmland and grassland birds has been attributed to the recent changes of agricultural practice in Europe. These changes may affect the food resources, so the studies in prey preference may have an importance when try to protect these species. We studied prey preference in the European Roller (Coracias garrulous) in natural grassland and farmland mosaics by two different sampling methods. (i) Pitfall traps were used to determine prey availability in Rollers’ territories and (ii) nestbox content, supplemented with video recordings, were used to estimate the contribution of main prey taxa to nestling diet. We found that Rollers did not select their prey items in proportion to their availability. We also found significant differences between Savage selectivity indices obtained by the different sampling methods. Nestbox content indicated high preference of coleopterans and avoidance of orthopterans, but video recording showed significant preference of both taxa. None of our sampling methods indicated difference in prey preference during the nestling period between the two study sites

ISTRAŽIVANJE MARKETING STRATEGIJA SVJESNOSTI KRIŠNE U EUROPI

The aim of this paper is to analyze and identify the marketing activities of different communities devoted to Krishna consciousness in Europe, and to develop a model based on these findings to interpret the system devotees have built up throughout the years to gain more followers of the religion. Krishna consciousness is well-known for the marketing efforts of the community; however, the research literature is limited so far concerning the activities they apply in order to reach a wide audience. In 2016 and 2017 a qualitative research was carried out including observations and interviews in five European villages in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic and Germany. The research identified a pattern of a two-step marketing process in all of the four communities. In the first step the communities are promoted as touristic destinations, focusing mainly on tourism and its cultural motives. Here the devotees apply a wide range of methods, such as online media, fliers and organize numerous festivals and cultural events to attract people. In the second phase tourists - who have already taken the first step towards Krishna consciousness by visiting the villages – are informed about the essence and most important teachings of the religion and they can experience many aspects of it via interactive programs, which increases involvement and understanding. The model created contributes to analyzing and understanding the marketing activities of Krishna consciousness more in details. In the long run it can also be extended to other religions, therefore makes the analysis and development of marketing concepts of other religious groups also possible.Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i identificirati marketinške aktivnosti različitih zajednica posvećenih svjesnosti Krišne u Europi, te razviti model zasnovan na tim nalazima za tumačenje sustava koje su zagovornici izgrađivali tijekom godina kako bi stekli više sljedbenika religije. Svijest Krišne je poznata po marketinškim naporima zajednice; međutim, literatura je za sada je ograničena u pogledu aktivnosti koje primjenjuju kako bi dosegnuli široku publiku. U 2016. i 2017. godini provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje, uključujući promatranja i intervjue u pet europskih sela u Mađarskoj, Belgiji, Češkoj i Njemačkoj. Istraživanje je identificiralo obrazac prema kojem se marketinški proces odvija u dva koraka u sve četiri istraživane zajednice. U prvom koraku zajednice se promoviraju kao turističke destinacije, usredotočujući se uglavnom na turizam i njegove kulturne motive. Ovdje zagovornici primjenjuju širok raspon metoda, poput internetskih medija, letaka i organiziraju brojne festivale i kulturna događanja kako bi privukli ljude. U drugoj fazi turisti - koji su već učinili prvi korak prema svjesnosti Krišne posjećujući sela - informiraju se o suštini i najvažnijim učenjima religije i mogu doživjeti mnoge aspekte putem interaktivnih programa, što povećava uključenost i razumijevanje. Stvoreni model doprinosi detaljnijoj analizi i razumijevanju marketinških aktivnosti svjesnosti Krišne. Dugoročno se može proširiti i na druge religije, pa je stoga moguća i analiza i razvoj marketinških koncepata drugih religijskih skupina

Evaluating prey preferences of an insectivorous bird species based on different sampling methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of live yeast culture and the combination of live yeast culture with vitamin-mineral supplementation as a feed additive on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids. Totally 18 male Saanen goat kids were divided in to one control and two treatment groups each containing 6 kids. Rations of groups were formulated as isonitrogenic and isocaloric. Live yeast culture (YC) and the combination product (YVM) (RumiSacc® and Intetotal® respectively,by Integro Food Industry and Trade Co., Istanbul, Turkey; Live yeast cell 344 x 1010 cfu per gram) was included in the concentrates at 0 (C), 1% (YC) and 1% (YVM) on feed basis, respectively. Feeding schedule was established with only concentrate. Feed was given ad libitum and roughage was not given. Dietary yeast culture at the level of 1% increased final live weight (+4.7% regarding control group). All investigated fattening performance with rumen fluid and blood parameters were not statistically affected with the supplements. It is concluded that live yeast culture and its vitamin-mineral combination did not have adverse affect in male kids fed without roughage