'Unlicensed' natural killer cells dominate the response to cytomegalovirus infection.

Natural killer (NK) cells expressing inhibitory receptors that bind to self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I are 'licensed', or rendered functionally more responsive to stimulation, whereas 'unlicensed' NK cells lacking receptors for self MHC class I are hyporesponsive. Here we show that contrary to the licensing hypothesis, unlicensed NK cells were the main mediators of NK cell-mediated control of mouse cytomegalovirus infection in vivo. Depletion of unlicensed NK cells impaired control of viral titers, but depletion of licensed NK cells did not. The transfer of unlicensed NK cells was more protective than was the transfer of licensed NK cells. Signaling by the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 limited the proliferation of licensed NK cells but not that of unlicensed NK cells during infection. Thus, unlicensed NK cells are critical for protection against viral infection

The historical novel in America 1896-1902

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kansas, English, 1932

An Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of NSW DPI Investments in IPM Research in Invertebrate Rice Pests

Research into IPM technologies has been conducted by NSW DPI for over 20 years. Evaluating the returns from investment in specific research and development projects is an important component of the NSW DPI science and research program. An economic evaluation has been conducted of IPM in managing invertebrate pests in rice in NSW. We found that there has been widespread adoption of many IPM practices amongst NSW rice growers leading to a flow of economic benefits to the rice industry and the community. Important environmental and human health benefits were also identified. A benefit-cost ratio of 9.05 was calculated for the return to NSW DPI investment in rice invertebrate pests IPM research. The net present value of the benefits of this research to 2020 was $67.9 million. Important environmental and human health benefits were not valued nor were ‘spillover’ benefits to other States.benefit cost analysis, rice, IPM, invertebrate pests, evaluation, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Production Economics, Q160,

Diffusion of Innovation Across a National Local Health Department Network: A Simulation Approach to Policy Development Using Agent-Based Modeling

The network that local health officials use to communicate about professional issues is sparsely connected, which may limit the spread of innovative practices. We used agent-based simulation modeling to find out if a policy to promote more connections improved the network’s capability to diffuse innovation. We found that unanticipated effects could result, depending on the requirements of the policy and the proportion of health officials involved. With carefully crafted assumptions and reliable data it is possible to untangle complex processes using simulation modeling. The results represent how the world might actually work which may provide useful decision support for policymakers with further research

THE CHILD AS THE PRESENTING SYMPTOM, AND WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG?

In this paper I wish to draw attention to Balint’s concept of ‘the Child as the presenting symptom’ and ask whether this concept is relevant to us as psychiatrists. What arises is whether this concept might illuminate situations where there is serious mental illness in the family, and whether the presentation of a child to a doctor might be indicative of mental illness in the family. If such an interpretation is possible, then there are important clinical implications, since at present, all UK government guidance, based on the analysis of many high-profile cases where children have been severely abused, is that the needs of the child are paramount, and thence it may be that, whilst quite dramatic intervention may well occur in order to protect the child, perhaps the mental health needs of the parents might be somewhat overlooked. Examples of the interplay between child and parents in the context of mental illness are given, and the present way in which children within families where there is mental illness are cared for is described, also considering the consequences for the parents

The Journey of American Capitalism: From Stockholders to Stakeholders

The American practice of capitalism has been nothing short of dynamic. The struggle to find an acceptable method of ‘the proper administration of wealth’ has been a key issue since at least the days of Andrew Carnegie. In the early years of American industrialization, the focus was largely and legally on stockholder rights. This focus shifted somewhat towards the benefit of labor as unions gained power in the early 20th century. Then, the stakeholder view began to take root and grow in the last half of the 20th century. This view expanded the conversation of capitalists vs. labor to include other stakeholders. This research reviews history and literature on the journey of American capitalism and takes the additional step of addressing expectations of corporate governance changes in the near future and the impact millennials are likely to have on the journey

Wreath Macdonald operators

We construct a novel family of difference-permutation operators and prove that they are diagonalized by the wreath Macdonald $P$-polynomials; the eigenvalues are written in terms of elementary symmetric polynomials of arbitrary degree. Our operators arise from integral formulas for the action of the horizontal Heisenberg subalgebra in the vertex representation of the corresponding quantum toroidal algebraComment: v1, 47pp. Comments are welcome