Global shifts: U. S. immigration and the cultural impact of demographic change

At the turn of the millennium, we are witnessing intense new worldwide migration and refugee flows. There are now some 100 million transnational immigrants plus an estimated 30 million refugees displaced from their homelands. These flows are largely structured by the intensification of globalization--a process of economic, social, and cultural transformation rapidly accelerating in the last decade. Globalization has increased immigration in a variety of ways. First, transnational capital flows (roughly a trillion dollars cross national boundaries every day) tend to stimulate migration because where capital flows, immigrants tend to follow. Second, the new information and communication technologies that are at the heart of globalization tend to stimulate migration because they encourage new standards of consumption and life-style choices. Would-be immigrants imagine better opportunities elsewhere and mobilize to achieve them. Third, the affordability of mass transportation--last year approximately 1.5 billion airline tickets were sold--has put the migration option within the reach of millions who heretofore could not consider it. Fourth, globalization has stimulated new migration because it has produced uneven results--big winners and losers.Demography ; Economic conditions ; Emigration and immigration

Intersecting Inequalities: Research to Reduce Inequality for Immigrant-Origin Children and Youth

This is one of a series of five papers outlining the particular domains and dimensions of inequality where new research may yield a better understanding of responses to this growing issue.Immigration has grown across all post-industrial nations, and inequality has risen at a steep rate on a variety of indicators, including income distribution, child poverty, residential segregation, and numerous academic outcomes.In this report, we see that among the children of immigrants, inequality is manifested against a backdrop of wide disparity in post-migration conditions faced by new immigrants. Indeed, immigrant groups represent some of the most and least advantaged groups in the U.S. in terms of skills, education, and assets. Many immigrant-origin students struggle academically, leaving school without acquiring the tools necessary to function effectively in the highly competitive, knowledge-intensive U.S. economy, in which limited education impedes wages and social mobility

Trauma pélvico a nivel prehospitalario en pacientes politraumatizados

La atención prehospitalaria es fundamental en el manejo del trauma pélvico. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud conozcan los signos y síntomas del trauma pélvico para que puedan brindar la mejor atención posible en el entorno prehospitalario. El reconocimiento y tratamiento temprano del trauma pélvico son elementos clave para asegurar un buen resultado para las personas afectadas por este tipo de lesiones. Con el conocimiento adecuado, los proveedores de atención médica pueden diagnosticar y tratar rápidamente el trauma pélvico antes de que se convierta en un problema más grave. Es importante reconocer y tratar el trauma pélvico de manera rápida y eficiente para reducir el riesgo de complicaciones y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes. En este artículo discutirá la importancia de la atención prehospitalaria del trauma pélvico, así como las estrategias para su manejo a nivel prehospitalario. También discutiremos las causas comunes de trauma pélvico, signos y síntomas, y casos de uso para intervenciones prehospitalarias que pueden ser causado por caídas, accidentes automovilísticos u otros eventos traumáticos. El trauma pélvico puede derivar en complicaciones graves si no se trata de manera adecuada y rápida a nivel prehospitalario. Por lo tanto, es fundamental que los paramédicos reconozcan los signos y síntomas del trauma pélvico y tomen las medidas adecuadas para brindar un tratamiento oportuno.  Es importante que el personal prehospitalario esté atento de tipo de lesión requiere un tratamiento rápido y adecuado para evitar complicaciones y mortalidad

Caracterización de las Prácticas de Aula de la Clase de Ciencias Naturales en relación con la Teoría del Aprendizaje significativo y las Características Generacionales del Grupo Poblacional

El presente trabajo se enmarca en las líneas de investigación que buscan aportar nuevos elementos al análisis de las prácticas de aula, en el nivel de básica secundaria y específicamente con los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje del área de ciencias naturales, buscando superar las limitaciones y lastres de la educación tradicional para suscitar aprendizajes autónomos y significativos con grupos etarios que se caracterizan por estar en plena adolescencia y en el marco de un cambio de época al que algunos autores denominan como la modernidad liquida, que trae consigo complejas implicaciones pedagógicas y educativas. La investigación haciendo uso de la complementariedad de los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo, caracteriza en multiperspectiva, desde la óptica del docente y los estudiantes la compleja realidad del aula de clase, de las prácticas de aula en relación con las teorías del aprendizaje significativo y con las características generacionales de la población estudiantil con la que se trabaja. Los resultados y análisis son contribuciones importantes para el mejoramiento y cualificación de las prácticas de aula con la finalidad de lograr aprendizajes significativos y de calidad para nuestros estudiantes. La caracterización de las prácticas de aula en la clase de ciencias naturales con los grados séptimo y octavo, evidencia la importancia de la planeación, diseño exhaustivo y colectivo de las experiencias de aprendizaje, de tal manera que en su puesta en acción se promueva la indagación, se relacionen los nuevos conocimientos con la estructura cognitiva del estudiante, se mantenga el interés individual y colectivo durante los diferentes momentos de la clase, mediante el uso de variadas tareas y recursos tecnológicos que faciliten los procesos de aprendizaje dentro y fuera del aula y la aplicación de lo aprehendido en diferentes contextos y situaciones//Abstract: This homework is marked in the investigation lines that pretends give such analysis elements to the analysis of class practices, in high school basic level and specifically in the teaching-learning process of Nature Sciences, trying to overcome limitations and ballasts of traditional education to, seeking to overcome limitations and ballast of traditional education autonomous and significant. Learnings with age groups, which are teenagers in the changing of an age, called by some authors: liquid modernity that brings hand pedagogical and educational implications. The investigation using the quantitative and qualitative focus, characterizes a multiperspective, from the sight teachers and students of the difficult reality in the classroom, of the classroom practices and their relations with significant learning theories and the characteristics of the student population whom we are working with. The results and analysis are important contributions for the improving and qualification of the classroom practices with the purpose of reaching significant learnings of quality for our students. The characterization of the classroom practices in the natural science class with the seventh and eighth grades, demonstrates the importance of planning, exhaustive and collective design of the learning experiences, in such a way that in its putting into action the investigation is promoted , the new knowledge is related to the cognitive structure of the student, the individual and collective interest is maintained during the different moments of the class, through the use of varied tasks and technological resources that facilitate the learning processes inside and outside the classroom and the application of what is apprehended in different contexts and situationsMaestrí

Increased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 in the forebrain of infant rats with corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced seizures but not in those with hyperthermia-induced seizures.

High affinity, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plasma membrane transporters (GATs) influence the availability of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Recent studies suggest a crucial role for GATs in maintaining levels of synaptic GABA in normal as well as abnormal (i.e., epileptic) adult brain. However, the role of GATs during development and specifically changes in their expression in response to developmental seizures are unknown. The present study examined GAT-1-immunolabeling in infant rats with two types of developmental seizures, one induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) lasting about 2 h and the other by hyperthermia (a model of febrile seizures) lasting only 20 min. The number of GAT-1-immunoreactive (ir) neurons was increased in several forebrain regions 24 h after induction of seizures by CRH as compared to the control group. Increased numbers of detectable GAT-1-ir cell bodies were found in the hippocampal formation including the dentate gyrus and CA1, and in the neocortex, piriform cortex and amygdala. In contrast, hyperthermia-induced seizures did not cause significant changes in the number of detectable GAT-1-ir somata. The increase in GAT-1-ir somata in the CRH model and not in the hyperthermia model may reflect the difference in the duration of seizures. The brain regions where this increase occurs correlate with the occurrence of argyrophyllic neurons in the CRH model

Pair separation of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun

The dynamic properties of the quiet Sun photosphere can be investigated by analyzing the pair dispersion of small-scale magnetic fields (i.e., magnetic elements). By using $25$ hr-long Hinode magnetograms at high spatial resolution ($0".3$), we tracked $68,490$ magnetic element pairs within a supergranular cell near the disk center. The computed pair separation spectrum, calculated on the whole set of particle pairs independently of their initial separation, points out what is known as a super-diffusive regime with spectral index $\gamma=1.55\pm0.05$, in agreement with the most recent literature, but extended to unprecedented spatial and temporal scales (from granular to supergranular). Furthermore, for the first time, we investigated here the spectrum of the mean square displacement of pairs of magnetic elements, depending on their initial separation $r_0$. We found that there is a typical initial distance above (below) which the pair separation is faster (slower) than the average. A possible physical interpretation of such a typical spatial scale is also provided

Revisiting Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics of Methadone in Healthy Volunteers

Methadone acts as a μ opioid agonist, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. These actions altogether are responsible for its efficacy in the management of chronic pain. It is available as a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-methadone, both being stereoisomers responsible for its analgesic effect. Methadone elimination occurs mainly through metabolism in the liver by CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CY2C19 and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6 and in the intestine by CYP3A4. The relative intestinal content of CYP2B6 and CY2C19 is unknown but it seems that CYP2B6 is not present at the intestine. CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 convert methadone mainly into 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine(EDDP). CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 are stereoselective to S- and R-enantiomer, respectively. The pharmacokinetic study carried out in healthy volunteers by our research group confirmed that MTD undergoes recirculation via gastric secretion and intestinal reabsorption and revealed that the drug is extensively metabolized in the liver but intestinal metabolism is not only relevant but also stereoselective. Polymorphisms of the CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 isoenzymes and their relationship with the pharmacokinetics of MTD were also assessed