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    Evolution equation of quantum tomograms for a driven oscillator in the case of the general linear quantization

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    The symlectic quantum tomography for the general linear quantization is introduced. Using the approach based upon the Wigner function techniques the evolution equation of quantum tomograms is derived for a parametric driven oscillator.Comment: 11 page

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ‚Π° N-алкілування Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатів

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    It has been shown that the ternary condensation of oxaloacetic ester (diethyl 2-oxosuccinate), aromatic aldehydesΒ and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or 5-aminotetrazole in dimethylformamide results in formation of the corresponding diethyl 7-aryl-4,7-dihydroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5,6-dicarboxylates. By 1H NMR spectroscopy (according to the data of the chemical shifts of C(2)H-protons for the corresponding N(4)H- and N(4)-methylderivatives ofΒ 7-phenyl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5,6-dicarboxylate) it has been found that alkylation of 4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5,6-dicarboxylates in the acetonitrile–saturated water alkali system leads selectively to formation of N(4)-alkyl derivatives. Both the starting compounds obtained and their N(4)-methylsubstitutedΒ analogues together with relative diethyl 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-on-5,6-dicarboxylates, 6-unsubstitutedΒ 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-on-5-dicarboxylates and the derivatives of 6-COR-7-aryl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the promising objects for studying benzyl C(7)-functionalization of 4,7-dihydroazoloΒ 1,5-a]pyrimidines, as well as of reactions associated with the presence of double C=C-bonds activated by twoΒ electron withdrawing groups. Obtaining of the key N(4)H- and N(4)Me-derivatives of 7-phenyl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]Β triazolo- and tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5,6-dicarboxylates also opens the way to the research of biological propertiesΒ of the compounds of this class. It is noteworthy that being a three-component one the reaction studied, without any doubts, are appropriate for the synthesis of the derivatives of 7-aryl-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo- andΒ tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines containing two electron withdrawing substituents in positions 5 and 6.Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ трСхкомпонСнтная кондСнсация щавСлСвоуксусного эфира (диэтил 2-оксосукцината), ароматичСских альдСгидов ΠΈ 3-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-1,2,4-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 5-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… диэтил 7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатов. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ 1Н ЯМР-спСктроскопии (ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ химичСских сдвигов сигналов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π‘(2)H для ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… N(4)H- ΠΈ N(4)МС-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… диэтил 7-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]Β ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилата) установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатов Π² систСмС Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-насыщСнная водная Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ сСлСктивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ N(4)-Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Как ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исходныС соСдинСния, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… N(4)-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ наряду с родствСнными диэтил 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2(1Н)-ΠΎΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатами, 6-Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ этил 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2(1Н)-ΠΎΠ½-5-карбоксилатами ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ 6-COR-7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ пСрспСктивными ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ для изучСния бСнзильной Π‘(7)-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, связанных с Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ C=C-связи, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ двумя Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… N(4)H- ΠΈ N(4)МС-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 7-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ- ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатов Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ биологичСским исслСдованиям соСдинСний этого класса. Π—Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ исслСдованная рСакция, являясь Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ, бСзусловно ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ для синтСза ΠΈ исслСдования ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ- ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², содСрТащих Π΄Π²Π° элСктроноакцСпторных замСститСля Π² полоТСниях 5 ΠΈ 6.Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Π° кондСнсація Ρ‰Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ†Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ СстСру (Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 2-оксосукцинату), Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Π° 3-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ-1,2,4-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ Π°Π±ΠΎ 5-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ Π΄ΠΎ утворСння Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатів. Π—Π° допомогою 1Н ЯМР-спСктроскопії (Π·Π° Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– зсуви сигналів ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π‘(2)Н для Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… N(4)H- Ρ‚Π°Β N(4)Me-ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 7-Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатів) вста-Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ алкілування 4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатів Ρƒ систСмі ацСтонітрилнасичСний Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡƒΠ³ сСлСктивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ утворСння N(4)-Π°Π»ΠΊΡ–Π»ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ…. Π―ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ– вихідні сполуки, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– Ρ—Ρ…Π½Ρ– N(4)-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ поряд Π·Ρ– споріднСними Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-2(1Н)-ΠΎΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатами, 6-Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-2(1Н)-ΠΎΠ½-5-карбоксилатами Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ 6-COR-7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π² Ρ” пСрспСктивними об’єктами для вивчСння Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π‘(7)-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— 4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ, пов’язаних Π· Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ C=C-зв’язку, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΒ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… N(4)H- Ρ– N(4)МС-ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ- Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-5,6-дикарбоксилатів Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ” ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ… Π΄ΠΎ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ сполук Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ класу. Π’Ρ–Π΄Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ,Β Ρ‰ΠΎ дослідТСна рСакція, Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡŽ, Π±Π΅Π·ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ для синтСзу Ρ‚Π° дослідТСння комбінаторних Π±Ρ–Π±Π»Ρ–ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 7-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4,7-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎ[1,2,4]Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ- Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[1,5-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π²,Β Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ– замісники Ρƒ полоТСннях 5 Ρ‚Π° 6

    Quantum dynamics, dissipation, and asymmetry effects in quantum dot arrays

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    We study the role of dissipation and structural defects on the time evolution of quantum dot arrays with mobile charges under external driving fields. These structures, proposed as quantum dot cellular automata, exhibit interesting quantum dynamics which we describe in terms of equations of motion for the density matrix. Using an open system approach, we study the role of asymmetries and the microscopic electron-phonon interaction on the general dynamical behavior of the charge distribution (polarization) of such systems. We find that the system response to the driving field is improved at low temperatures (and/or weak phonon coupling), before deteriorating as temperature and asymmetry increase. In addition to the study of the time evolution of polarization, we explore the linear entropy of the system in order to gain further insights into the competition between coherent evolution and dissipative processes.Comment: 11pages,9 figures(eps), submitted to PR

    Bound, virtual and resonance SS-matrix poles from the Schr\"odinger equation

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    A general method, which we call the potential SS-matrix pole method, is developed for obtaining the SS-matrix pole parameters for bound, virtual and resonant states based on numerical solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation. This method is well-known for bound states. In this work we generalize it for resonant and virtual states, although the corresponding solutions increase exponentially when rβ†’βˆžr\to\infty. Concrete calculations are performed for the 1+1^+ ground and the 0+0^+ first excited states of 14N^{14}\rm{N}, the resonance 15F^{15}\rm{F} states (1/2+1/2^+, 5/2+5/2^+), low-lying states of 11Be^{11}\rm{Be} and 11N^{11}\rm{N}, and the subthreshold resonances in the proton-proton system. We also demonstrate that in the case the broad resonances their energy and width can be found from the fitting of the experimental phase shifts using the analytical expression for the elastic scattering SS-matrix. We compare the SS-matrix pole and the RR-matrix for broad s1/2s_{1/2} resonance in 15F{}^{15}{\rm F}Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures (figures 3 and 4 consist of two figures each) and 4 table

    Defect detection in nano-scale transistors based on radio-frequency reflectometry

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    Radio-frequency reflectometry in silicon single-electron transistors (SETs) is presented. At low temperatures (<4 K), in addition to the expected Coulomb blockade features associated with charging of the SET dot, quasi-periodic oscillations are observed that persist in the fully depleted regime where the SET dot is completely empty. A model, confirmed by simulations, indicates that these oscillations originate from charging of an unintended floating gate located in the heavily doped polycrystalline silicon gate stack. The technique used in this experiment can be applied for detailed spectroscopy of various charge defects in nanoscale SETs and field effect transistorsComment: 3 pages, 3 figure

    Numerical studies of variable-range hopping in one-dimensional systems

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    Hopping transport in a one-dimensional system is studied numerically. A fast algorithm is devised to find the lowest-resistance path at arbitrary electric field. Probability distribution functions of individual resistances on the path and the net resistance are calculated and fitted to compact analytic formulas. Qualitative differences between statistics of resistance fluctuations in Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes are elucidated. The results are compared with prior theoretical and experimental work on the subject.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures. Published versio

    Concentration and power dependences of level population of 2.8-mu m laser transition in YLF : Er crystals under CW laser diode pumping

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    An influence of interionic cross relaxation processes (upconversion, selfquenching) on concentration and power dependences of the inverse population of ^4I_(11/2) and ^4I_(13/2) laser levels in YLF:Er crystals under CW laser-diode pumping were studied both theoretically and experimentally. Computer simulations were carried out taking into account not only pair interaction but also the multi-ion interaction in the whole system. Optimal Er concentration for 3 - Β΅m CW lasing was estimated as 10 - 15%
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