POTENTIAL OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES TAKEN BY SENSORS EMBEDDED IN UAVS FOR MONITORING THE COFFEE CROP IRRIGATION

Leaf Water Potential (LWP) is an indicator widely used to understand water relations in a coffee tree. Monitoring water potential is a challenge for remote sensing using low-cost multispectral cameras, with images taken by remotely piloted aircraft. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of a low-cost camera to discriminate different water treatments in the coffee tree. In addition, the accuracy of models to estimate LWP in the coffee crop was evaluated. The results showed that the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) vegetation index was able to discriminate 61.6 % more plots in a drought regime than the Near-InfraRed (NIR) band in the rainfall regime. For LWP, the architecture that presented the best performance in the detection of water stress was for the first flight (SMOreg algorithm using as predictor variables all bands, Red, Green, and NIR, and the NDVI vegetation index) with RMSE value of 0.1880 and RMSE% of 34.18. For the second flight (Random Tree algorithm, using as predictor variables all bands and NDVI) with RMSE (0.0520) and RMSE% (32.00) values

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF COMMON BEAN LINES TO \u3ci\u3eSclerotinia sclerotiorum\u3c/i\u3e

INTRODUCTION. White mold (WM), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious constraint of common bean during the fall-winter season in Brazil. The most commonly used control measure is fungicide application. However, the high cost and the potentially deleterious effects on human health and environment have motivated the search for new options of WM management. Genetic resistance is a key component of the WM management, because it is easier for farmers to adopt and is environmentally safe. Since 2008, we have screened common bean lines/cultivars for WM resistance from the field trials named Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) conducted under WM pressure. The lines screened in these trials have been developed by Federal University of Viçosa, Federal University of Lavras, EPAMIG and Embrapa Rice and Beans. Beginning in 2015, we have evaluated the genotypes screened in the VCU trials in comparison to three WM-resistant checks (A195, G122, and Cornell 605) in advanced field trials, straw and/or detached leaflet tests. Here, we present results from the straw and the detached leaflet tests to assess physiological resistance of lines/cultivars originally screened for resistance to foliar diseases and high yield

Crescimento e produtividade agrícola de cana-de-açúcar em diferentes fontes de fósforo Growth and yield of sugarcane under different phosphorus sources

Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade agrícola da cana-planta em diferentes fontes de fósforo, conduziu-se um experimento de campo em Coruripe, AL, com 10 tratamentos: 1. Testemunha; 2. NK + micro; 3. Superfosfato simples (SS); 4. Superfosfato triplo (ST); 5. Fosmag; 6. Gafsa; 7. MAP; 8. Fórmula 06-26-24 (460 kg ha-1); 9. Composto e 10. SSP - parcelado. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições. Avaliaram-se: população de perfilhos, altura de plantas, Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), taxa de crescimento do colmo, taxa de produção de matéria fresca do colmo, taxa de crescimento relativo, rendimento agrícola e as concentrações foliares de P e os níveis disponíveis no solo. As fontes de fósforo não influenciaram o crescimento da cana-planta em função do efeito residual, proveniente de adubações anteriores, mas proporcionaram produtividades médias superiores a 80 t ha-1. O ST proporcionou o melhor rendimento agrícola na cana-planta a qual, por sua vez, apresentou três fases de crescimento: 1ª fase: intenso perfilhamento até 120 DAP; 2ª fase: grande crescimento de 120 a 240 DAP e 3ª fase: maturação dos 240 aos 360 DAP. As maiores taxas de crescimento e produção de matéria fresca do colmo ocorreram logo após a fase de intenso perfilhamento entre 120 e 240 DAP.<br>This work had as its objective in the evaluation of the growth and production of the sugarcare plant under different phosphorus sources. The experiment was carried out in Coruripe, AL, Brazil with 10 fertilizer treatments: 1) Control; 2) NK + micronutrient; 3) Super Phosphate Simple; 4) Triple Super Phosphate; 5) Fosmag; 6) Gafsa; 7) MAP; 8) NPK 06-26-24 (460 kg ha-1); 9) Compost and 10) Simple Super Phosphate - splitdose. The experiment was in random blocks, with four replicates. Parameters evaluated were: number of tillers, height of plants, IAF, rate of stalk growth, rate of biomass production of the stalk, relative growth rate, production and P in leaf and available in soil. P sources did not show any significant influence upon the growth of cane-plant due to the residual effect of previous manuring, with average yield of 80 t ha-1. The triple super phosphate produced the best production in the cane-plant, which presented three growth phases: 1st phase: intense tillering until 120 days after planting (DAP); 2nd phase:intense growth between 120 and 240 DAP; and 3rd phase: maturation, between 240 and 360 DAP. The major growth rate and fresh matter stalk production occurred after intense tillering phase between 120 and 240 DAP