Charakterisierung der Resistenz deutscher Weizensorten gegenüber Weizenflugbrand (Ustilago tritici)

Die Resistenzzüchtung gegenüber Weizenflugbrand (Ustilago tritici) hat in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der Ausdehnung des ökologischen Landbaus, der eine Bekämpfung mittels chemischer Saatgutbeizung nicht zulässt, zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Ziel eines im Rahmen des „Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau“ geförderten Projektes war es daher, Resistenzen im deutschen Weizensortiment, als Basis für eine direkte Nutzung dieser Sorten im ökologischen Anbau bzw. als Ausgangspunkt für eine gezielte Resistenzzüchtung, zu identifizieren

Pyramiding of Ryd2 and Ryd3 conferring tolerance to a German isolate of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV-ASL-1) leads to quantitative resistance against this isolate

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an economically important pathogen of barley, which may become even more important due to global warming. In barley, several loci conferring tolerance to BYDV-PAV-ASL-1 are known, e.g. Ryd2, Ryd3 and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 2H. The aim of the present study was to get information whether the level of tolerance against this isolate of BYDV in barley can be improved by combining these loci. Therefore, a winter and a spring barley population of doubled haploid (DH) lines were genotyped by molecular markers for the presence of the susceptibility or the resistance encoding allele at respective loci (Ryd2, Ryd3, QTL on chromosome 2H) and were tested for their level of BYDV-tolerance after inoculation with viruliferous (BYDV-PAV-ASL-1) aphids in field trials. In DH-lines carrying the combination Ryd2 and Ryd3, a significant reduction of the virus titre was detected as compared to lines carrying only one of these genes. Furthermore, spring barley DH-lines with this allele combination also showed a significantly higher relative grain yield as compared to lines carrying only Ryd2 or Ryd3. The QTL on chromosome 2H had only a small effect on the level of tolerance in those lines carrying only Ryd2, or Ryd3 or a combination of both, but the effect in comparison to lines carrying no tolerance allele was significant. Overall, these results show that the combination of Ryd2 and Ryd3 leads to quantitative resistance against BYDV-PAV instead of tolerance