Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics

Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies

Desxifrant la relació entre el compartiment silvestre i el conreat de Rosa gallica L.

[ES] Rosa gallica es una especie silvestre que se distribuye desde Europa hasta el oeste de Asia. Fue una de las primeras especies del género Rosa en ser cultivada en Europa y se considera como uno de los principales ancestros de la mayoría de los cultivares de rosas de jardín. La clasificación de los cultivares se basa en características fenotípicas y orígenes parentales, que usualmente son hipotéticos, por lo que la relación entre R. gallica y los grupos cultivados no es clara. Los objetivos principales de este estudio era comprobar la relación genética entre las poblaciones silvestres de R. gallica y los grupos cultivados de interés: Albas, Borbonianas, Centifolias, Damascenas, Híbridos de Gállica, Musgosas, y Portland; y evaluar la relación genética entre estos grupos cultivados. Los primeros marcadores moleculares SSR-seq para el género Rosa fueron diseñados para este proyecto, y se utilizaron técnicas bioinformáticas para la determinación de la dosis alélica de genotipos poliploides. Un total de 1613 individuos fueron genotipados, incluyendo especies silvestres y grupos cultivados del género Rosa, utilizando 44 marcadores SSR-seq. Se evaluó la presencia de clones, diversidad genética, estructuración y la diferenciación poblacional. La presencia de clones fue comprobada tanto en poblaciones salvajes como en grupos cultivados. Existe una evidente relación genética entre los grupos cultivados de interés y genotipos silvestres de R. gallica, especialmente con genotipos salvajes de Francia. Las Borbonianas son el único grupo cuyas relaciones con R. gallica y los demás grupos cultivados de interés fueron menos evidentes, y muestran mayor relación con genotipos salvajes y cultivados asiático. La clasificación de los grupos cultivados no fue respaldada por las evidencias genéticas, lo que sugiere que esta clasificación no tiene bases genéticas. Adicionalmente, se discuten las hipótesis sobre orígenes de los grupos cultivados de interés.[EN] Rosa gallica is a wild species that distributes from Europe to western Asia. It was one of the first species of the genus Rosa to be cultivated in Europe and it is considered as one of the main ancestors of most garden rose cultivars. The classification of horticultural groups is based on phenotypic characteristics and parental origins, which are usually hypothetical. Therefore, the relationship between R. gallica and the horticultural groups is not clear. The main objectives of this study were to verify the genetic relationship between the wild populations of R. gallica and the horticultural groups of interest: Albas, Bourbons, Centifolias, Damasks, Hybrid Gallicas, Mosses, and Portlands; and evaluate the genetic relationship between these cultured groups. The first SSR-seq molecular markers for the genus Rosa were designed for this project, and bioinformatic techniques were used to determine the allelic dosage of polyploid genotypes. A total of 1613 individuals were genotyped, including wild species and cultivated groups of the genus Rosa, using 44 SSR-seq markers. The presence of clones, genetic diversity, population structure and differentiation were evaluated. The presence of clones was proven both in wild populations and in cultivated groups. There is an evident genetic relationship between the cultivated groups of interest and wild genotypes of R. gallica, especially with wild genotypes from France. The Bourbons were the only group whose relationships with R. gallica and the other cultivated groups of interest were less evident; and showed a greater relationship with wild and cultivated Asian genotypes. The classification of the cultivated groups was not supported by genetic evidence, suggesting that this classification has no genetic basis. Additionally, the hypotheses of the origins of the horticultural groups of interest are discussed.Ordoñez Trejo, EJ. (2022). Deciphering the relationship between wild and cultivated compartment of Rosa gallica L. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18825

Rare or misidentified? On the external identification of the neglected Artibeus inopinatus Davis & Carter, 1964 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in Honduras

For years, the identification of Artibeus species has been controversial due to the overlap of morphometric characteristics between species. From February 2015 to September 2019, we sampled 25 sites in 10 departments of Honduras, and captured 81 Artibeus individuals using mist-nets. We determined the morphometric measurements that may be helpful in the identification of adult individuals of the Honduran Fruit-eating Bat, Artibeus inopinatus, in the field. We analyzed 648 morphometric measurements using a linear discriminant analysis, and determined that the forearm length, third metacarpal length, the length of the second phalanx of digit III, and body length are the main characteristics for the external identification of A. inopinatus

Rediscovery of Vampyressa thyone (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in Honduras: updated distribution and notes on its conservation

In Central America, Vampyressa is represented by two species, Vampyressa elisabethae and V. thyone. The latter is the only representative of the genus in Honduras and the most recent record was in 2007. Six surveys were carried out in the Departments of Cortés, Atlántida and Gracias a Dios. Only seven individuals of V. thyone were recorded between March 2016 and September 2017. The low abundance of V. thyone supports the fact that it is an uncommon species in the country; however, these records update the distribution in northern Honduras. We recommend systematic bat assessments on the three protected areas in which we recorded V. thyone for a better comprehension of the local populations on this species in the country

Rare or misidentified? On the external identification of the neglected Artibeus inopinatus Davis & Carter, 1964 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in Honduras

For years, the identification of Artibeus species has been controversial due to the overlap of morphometric characteristics between species. From February 2015 to September 2019, we sampled 25 sites in 10 departments of Honduras, and captured 81 Artibeus individuals using mist-nets. We determined the morphometric measurements that may be helpful in the identification of adult individuals of the Honduran Fruit-eating Bat, Artibeus inopinatus, in the field. We analyzed 648 morphometric measurements using a linear discriminant analysis, and determined that the forearm length, third metacarpal length, the length of the second phalanx of digit III, and body length are the main characteristics for the external identification of A. inopinatus

A systematic revision of the bats (Chiroptera) of Honduras: an updated checklist with corroboration of historical specimens and new records

During the last century, survey efforts for mammals in Honduras have been few and most distributional and conservation assessments of bats have been based on historical records. Taxonomy of many records has changed. Moreover, a number of supposed Honduran occurrences are based on records from bordering countries without confirmation by a Honduran voucher. Therefore, the list of bats of Honduras lacks precision. Here, we update the number of species in the country, including taxonomic changes not reflected in recent works and new records based on museum specimens. The known number of species for Honduras is 113 with seven expected (Cormura brevirostris, Lampronycteris brachyotis, Mesophylla macconnelli, Molossus coibensis, M. pretiosus, Thyroptera discifera and Trinycteris nicefori), based on records in adjoining countries. We provide a new record for Honduras of Natalus lanatus. We confirm the presence of Cynomops greenhalli and Diaemus youngii and clarify the taxonomic status of Artibeus intermedius, Chiroderma gorgasi, Eumops ferox, Gardnerycteris keenani, Lasiurus frantzii, Myotis pilosatibialis, Molossus and Pteronotus species, and Tonatia bakeri. We recommend a reassessment of the conservation status of the bats of Honduras considering recent changes and that a number of species (e.g. Choeronycteris mexicana) have not been observed since their reports in historical records. This requires an update of the taxonomic identification keys for Honduras. The updated checklist below demonstrates the high biodiversity of Honduran bats but is also an example of how poorly many groups have been studied since they were first recorded in the country