7 research outputs found

    A Lumbricidae család revíziója (Annelida: Oligochaeta) = Revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)

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    Kiépítettük a Lumbricidae család nomenklaturai adatbázisát. Ez az adatbázis 1104 leírt Lumbricidae nevet tartalmaz, a http://earthworm.uw.hu oldalon érhető el. Molekuláris vizsgálataink a 18S rDNS szekvencia igen kis variabilitását mutatták, ezért kutatásainkat kiterjesztettük más génekre is (16S rDNS és COI szekvencia). A kombinált analízis alátámasztotta, az é-amerikai vörös epigeikus csoport monofiliáját. Érdekesség, hogy az Allolobophoridella és a Dendrodrilus fajok nélkül a Bimastos nem parafiletikusnak tűnik. Szintén figyelemre méltó, hogy a kombinált analízis egyértelműen monofiletikusnak mutatja a Fitzingeria nemet viszonylag távol a Dendrobaena fajoktól. Az Eisenia nem itt is monofiletikus, a Bimastos-Dendrodrilus-Allolobophoridella klád testvércsoportja. Az Aporrectodea is monofiletikusnak tűnik, meg kell azonban jegyeznünk, hogy az Allolobophora s.l. csoportból csak kevés fajból rendelkeztünk mindhárom gén szekvenciájával. A 3 génszakasz együttes vizsgálata megerősítette a már morfológiailag is elég robusztusnak tekintett Octodrilus és Lumbricus nemek monofiletikus eredetét is. Összességében megállapíthatjuk, hogy a 3 gén együttes vizsgálata során sokkal jobb felbontású és realisztikusabb eredményeket kaptunk annál, mint amit korábban az egyes gének külön vizsgálata mutatott, de egy koherens filogenetikai kép kialakításához mindenképp még más géneket is be kell vonnunk a vizsgálatokba | We have set up a Lumbricidae nomenclatural database. This database contains 1104 specific epithets and available online: http://earthworm.uw.hu. The molecular analysis of 18S rDNA gene showed quite low variability of the sequences, therefore the investigation was also extended to other genes (16S rDNA, COI). The combined analysis of the three sequences corroborated the monophyly of the North American red-pigmented epigeic clade. It is interesting to note that withouth the Allolobophoridella and Dendrodrilus species the genus Bimastos is paraphyletic. The monophyly of the genus Fitzingeria and its distant position from the Dendrobaena species is also remarkable. The genus Eisenia is monophyletic and it forms the sister-group of the Bimastos clade. Contrary to the previous results Aporrectodea also seems to be monophyletic but it has to be stressed, that we had all the three sequences only of a few species, so this genus is quite underrepresented in the combined analysis. In accordance with the classical phylogenies the combined analysis also corroborated the monophyletic origin of the morphologically robust genera Octodrilus, Octolasion and Lumbricus. In conclusion, the combined analysis of the three gene (18S, 16S rDNA and COI) resulted in a more resolved and reliable phylogenetic relatedness than the genes analysed separately. But we have to emphasise that a coherent phylogenetic scenario could be reached only if other gene sequences are also involved in the analysis

    Felhagyott alföldi homoktalajok mikrobiális közösség összetételének, biomasszájának és aktivitásának vizsgálata. = Microbial community structure, biomass and activity in sandy soils of abandoned fields of the Great Plain

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    A korábban művelt, de felhagyott területek ökológiai helyreállítása gazdasági és ökológiai szempontból is kívánatos lenne. A homokpuszta gyepek restaurációjának módszereit a talajban zajló tápanyag-dinamikai és az azzal összefüggő mikrobiális tevékenységek szempontjából tanulmányoztuk. A kezelések célja a nitrogén immobilizációjának elősegítésén keresztül a másodlagos szukcesszió felgyorsítása volt. A szénforrás-kezelések hatására a talajok mikrobiális biomasszája megnőtt. A nitrogén hozzáférhetőségét a kezelések csökkentették, ezáltal a gyomnövények biomasszája is lecsökkent, de ez nem vezetett szükségszerűen a natív növényfajok abundanciájának növekedéséhez. A természetes növényzet előretörését csak azokon a területeken figyeltük meg, ahol jelentős mennyiségű propagulum-forrás volt a talajban. A kombinált kezelések (kaszálás, C-forrás-kezelés, felülvetés természetes növényzet magjaival) növelték a természetes gyepi növények abundanciáját, a felvehető N tartalom csökkenése mellett. A bolygatatlan gyepterület mikrobiális közösségének stabilitását a bolygatott területtel szemben alátámasztotta a K-stratégista baktériumok nagyobb abundanciája, és a közösség struktúrájának kisebb szezonális változása, vagyis a bolygatatlan élőhely talajmikrobiális közössége nagyobb rezilienciával rendelkezett, mint a bolygatott. Ezek az eredmények fontos előrelépést jelentenek a művelésből kivont területeken a természetes növénytársulásokhoz hasonló növényzet kialakításában. | Ecological restoration of abandoned fields is favoured both in economic and ecological point of view. The restoration methodology of native sand grassland plant communities was studied focusing on soil nutrient dynamics and related microbiological processes. The aim of C amendments and other treatments was to promote microbial N immobilisation and through this to accelerate secondary succession. Carbon treatments (sawdust and sucrose) resulted in a significant increase in microbial biomass C and biomass N by approximately 20 percent. N availability was reduced significantly by C amendments, and the weed biomass decreased as well, but the abundance of native species was not observed in most cases. Native vegetation advanced only at sites having in appropriate amount of propagules in soils. Sawdust used in high rate can be unfavourable in long term resulting net N mineralisation through the priming effect. Combined treatments (mowing, C addition, reseeding by native species) increased the abundance of natural elements, whereas the available nutrients decreased. The higher level of stability of the soil microbial community at natural grassland against the disturbed sites was supported by the larger abundance of K-strategist bacteria and also the smaller seasonal change, therefore the microbial community had greater resilience at undisturbed grassland site than that had at disturbed ones. These achievements are important in restoring of native plant communities at set-aside fields

    Placental galectins regulate innate and adaptive immune responses in pregnancy

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    IntroductionGalectins are master regulators of maternal immune responses and placentation in pregnancy. Galectin-13 (gal-13) and galectin-14 (gal-14) are expressed solely by the placenta and contribute to maternal-fetal immune tolerance by inducing the apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes and the polarization of neutrophils toward an immune-regulatory phenotype.Furthermore, their decreased placental expression is associated with pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and miscarriage. Yet, our knowledge of the immunoregulatory role of placental galectins is incomplete.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant gal-13 and gal-14 on cell viability, apoptosis, and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the signaling pathways involved.ResultsHerein, we show that gal-13 and gal-14 bind to the surface of non-activated PBMCs (monocytes, natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells) and increase their viability while decreasing the rate of their apoptosis without promoting cell proliferation. We also demonstrate that gal-13 and gal-14 induce the production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and interferon-gamma cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner in PBMCs. The parallel activation of Erk1/2, p38, and NF-ĸB signaling evidenced by kinase phosphorylation in PBMCs suggests the involvement of these pathways in the regulation of the galectin-affected immune cell functions.DiscussionThese findings provide further evidence on how placenta-specific galectins assist in the establishment and maintenance of a proper immune environment during a healthy pregnancy

    Hydrothermal dolomitization of basinal deposits controlled by a synsedimentary fault system in Triassic extensional setting, Hungary

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    Dolomitization of relatively thick carbonate successions occurs via an effective fluid circulation mechanism, since the replacement process requires a large amount of Mg-rich fluid interacting with the CaCO3 precursor. In the western end of the Neotethys, fault-controlled extensional basins developed during the Late Triassic spreading stage. In the Buda Hills and Danube-East blocks, distinct parts of silica and organic matter-rich slope and basinal deposits are dolomitized. Petrographic, geochemical, and fluid inclusion data distinguished two dolomite types: (1) finely to medium crystalline and (2) medium to coarsely crystalline. They commonly co-occur and show a gradual transition. Both exhibit breccia fabric under microscope. Dolomite texture reveals that the breccia fabric is not inherited from the precursor carbonates but was formed during the dolomitization process and under the influence of repeated seismic shocks. Dolomitization within the slope and basinal succession as well as within the breccia zones of the underlying basement block is interpreted as being related to fluid originated from the detachment zone and channelled along synsedimentary normal faults. The proposed conceptual model of dolomitization suggests that pervasive dolomitization occurred not only within and near the fault zones. Permeable beds have channelled the fluid towards the basin centre where the fluid was capable of partial dolomitization. The fluid inclusion data, compared with vitrinite reflectance and maturation data of organic matter, suggest that the ascending fluid was likely hydrothermal which cooled down via mixing with marine-derived pore fluid. Thermal gradient is considered as a potential driving force for fluid flow

    A méhlepényi galektinek szerepe az anyai immunrendszer szabályozásában

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    Munkám célja a méhlepényi galektinek (gal-13 és gal-14) különböző, perifériás vérben jelenlévő leukocita populációkra gyakorolt hatásainak vizsgálata volt. A kapott eredmények szerint a gal-13 és gal-14: növeli a PBMC-k életképességét; csökkenti a T-, B- és NK-sejtek, valamint a monociták apoptózisát; nem befolyásolja a T- és NK-sejtek proliferációját; megnöveli a PBMC-kben az IL-8, IL-10, és kis mértékben az IFN-γ citokinek termelését; és kitartott NF-κB foszforilációt vált ki a PBMC-kben

    Proteoglycans: Systems-Level Insight into Their Expression in Healthy and Diseased Placentas

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    Proteoglycan macromolecules play key roles in several physiological processes (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis), all of which are important for placentation and healthy pregnancy. However, their precise roles in human reproduction have not been clarified. To fill this gap, herein, we provide an overview of the proteoglycans’ expression and role in the placenta, in trophoblast development, and in pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction), highlighting one of the most important members of this family, syndecan-1 (SDC1). Microarray data analysis showed that of 34 placentally expressed proteoglycans, SDC1 production is markedly the highest in the placenta and that SDC1 is the most upregulated gene during trophoblast differentiation into the syncytiotrophoblast. Furthermore, placental transcriptomic data identified dysregulated proteoglycan genes in pre-eclampsia and in fetal growth restriction, including SDC1, which is supported by the lower concentration of syndecan-1 in maternal blood in these syndromes. Overall, our clinical and in vitro studies, data analyses, and literature search pointed out that proteoglycans, as important components of the placenta, may regulate various stages of placental development and participate in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, syndecan-1 may serve as a useful marker of syncytialization and a prognostic marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of proteoglycans in healthy and complicated pregnancies, which may help in diagnostic or therapeutic developments
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