En busca de la belleza, entre espejismo(s) y eficacia(s). El impacto de la publicidad para productos cosméticos adelgazantes: El rol moderador de las estrategias de comparación social

The article discusses how media discourse, particularly advertisers, build some imaginary on the body that, from a psychosocial perspective, have an impact on the way audiences perceive their own physicality. Through the examination of a case-about the construction of female body image-there are examinetes the social comparison strategies deployed about these body media models and how these definitions affect gender identity and female audiences.    El artículo discute el modo en que los discursos mediáticos, especialmente los publicitarios, construyen ciertos imaginarios sobre el cuerpo que, desde una perspectiva psicosocial, tienen impacto en el modo como las audiencias perciben su propia corporalidad. A través del examen de un caso -sobre la construcción de la imagen del cuerpo femenino -se examinan las estrategias de comparación social desplegadas a propósito de estos modelos mediáticos de cuerpo y cómo estos inciden en las definiciones identitarias y de género de las audiencias femeninas

B-Learner: Quasi-Oracle Bounds on Heterogeneous Causal Effects Under Hidden Confounding

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects from observational data is a crucial task across many fields, helping policy and decision-makers take better actions. There has been recent progress on robust and efficient methods for estimating the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) function, but these methods often do not take into account the risk of hidden confounding, which could arbitrarily and unknowingly bias any causal estimate based on observational data. We propose a meta-learner called the B-Learner, which can efficiently learn sharp bounds on the CATE function under limits on the level of hidden confounding. We derive the B-Learner by adapting recent results for sharp and valid bounds of the average treatment effect (Dorn et al., 2021) into the framework given by Kallus & Oprescu (2022) for robust and model-agnostic learning of distributional treatment effects. The B-Learner can use any function estimator such as random forests and deep neural networks, and we prove its estimates are valid, sharp, efficient, and have a quasi-oracle property with respect to the constituent estimators under more general conditions than existing methods. Semi-synthetic experimental comparisons validate the theoretical findings, and we use real-world data demonstrate how the method might be used in practice.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

Online Learning with Optimism and Delay

Inspired by the demands of real-time climate and weather forecasting, we develop optimistic online learning algorithms that require no parameter tuning and have optimal regret guarantees under delayed feedback. Our algorithms -- DORM, DORM+, and AdaHedgeD -- arise from a novel reduction of delayed online learning to optimistic online learning that reveals how optimistic hints can mitigate the regret penalty caused by delay. We pair this delay-as-optimism perspective with a new analysis of optimistic learning that exposes its robustness to hinting errors and a new meta-algorithm for learning effective hinting strategies in the presence of delay. We conclude by benchmarking our algorithms on four subseasonal climate forecasting tasks, demonstrating low regret relative to state-of-the-art forecasting models.Comment: ICML 2021. 9 pages of main paper and 26 pages of appendix tex

Adaptive Bias Correction for Improved Subseasonal Forecasting

Subseasonal forecasting \unicode{x2013} predicting temperature and precipitation 2 to 6 weeks \unicode{x2013} ahead is critical for effective water allocation, wildfire management, and drought and flood mitigation. Recent international research efforts have advanced the subseasonal capabilities of operational dynamical models, yet temperature and precipitation prediction skills remains poor, partly due to stubborn errors in representing atmospheric dynamics and physics inside dynamical models. To counter these errors, we introduce an adaptive bias correction (ABC) method that combines state-of-the-art dynamical forecasts with observations using machine learning. When applied to the leading subseasonal model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), ABC improves temperature forecasting skill by 60-90% and precipitation forecasting skill by 40-69% in the contiguous U.S. We couple these performance improvements with a practical workflow, based on Cohort Shapley, for explaining ABC skill gains and identifying higher-skill windows of opportunity based on specific climate conditions.Comment: 16 pages of main paper and 2 pages of appendix tex

The REgolith X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) for OSIRIS-REx: identifying regional elemental enrichment on asteroids

The OSIRIS-REx Mission was selected under the NASA New Frontiers program and is scheduled for launch in September of 2016 for a rendezvous with, and collection of a sample from the surface of asteroid Bennu in 2019. 101955 Bennu (previously 1999 RQ36) is an Apollo (near-Earth) asteroid originally discovered by the LINEAR project in 1999 which has since been classified as a potentially hazardous near-Earth object. The REgolith X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) was proposed jointly by MIT and Harvard and was subsequently accepted as a student led instrument for the determination of the elemental composition of the asteroid's surface as well as the surface distribution of select elements through solar induced X-ray fluorescence. REXIS consists of a detector plane that contains 4 X-ray CCDs integrated into a wide field coded aperture telescope with a focal length of 20 em for the detection of regions with enhanced abundance in key elements at 50 m scales. Elemental surface distributions of approximately 50-200 m scales can be detected using the instrument as a simple collimator. An overview of the observation strategy of the REXIS instrument and expected performance are presented here.Astronom

En busca de la belleza, entre espejismo(s) y eficacia(s). El impacto de la publicidad para productos cosméticos adelgazantes: El rol moderador de las estrategias de comparación social

The article discusses how media discourse, particularly advertisers, build some imaginary on the body that, from a psychosocial perspective, have an impact on the way audiences perceive their own physicality. Through the examination of a case-about the construction of female body image-there are examinetes the social comparison strategies deployed about these body media models and how these definitions affect gender identity and female audiences.    El artículo discute el modo en que los discursos mediáticos, especialmente los publicitarios, construyen ciertos imaginarios sobre el cuerpo que, desde una perspectiva psicosocial, tienen impacto en el modo como las audiencias perciben su propia corporalidad. A través del examen de un caso -sobre la construcción de la imagen del cuerpo femenino -se examinan las estrategias de comparación social desplegadas a propósito de estos modelos mediáticos de cuerpo y cómo estos inciden en las definiciones identitarias y de género de las audiencias femeninas

En busca de la belleza, entre espejismo(s) y eficacia(s). El impacto de la publicidad para productos cosméticos adelgazantes: El rol moderador de las estrategias de comparación social

The article discusses how media discourse, particularly advertisers, build some imaginary on the body that, from a psychosocial perspective, have an impact on the way audiences perceive their own physicality. Through the examination of a case-about the construction of female body image-there are examinetes the social comparison strategies deployed about these body media models and how these definitions affect gender identity and female audiences.    El artículo discute el modo en que los discursos mediáticos, especialmente los publicitarios, construyen ciertos imaginarios sobre el cuerpo que, desde una perspectiva psicosocial, tienen impacto en el modo como las audiencias perciben su propia corporalidad. A través del examen de un caso -sobre la construcción de la imagen del cuerpo femenino -se examinan las estrategias de comparación social desplegadas a propósito de estos modelos mediáticos de cuerpo y cómo estos inciden en las definiciones identitarias y de género de las audiencias femeninas