2,252 research outputs found
A practical scheme for error control using feedback
We describe a scheme for quantum error correction that employs feedback and
weak measurement rather than the standard tools of projective measurement and
fast controlled unitary gates. The advantage of this scheme over previous
protocols (for example Ahn et. al, PRA, 65, 042301 (2001)), is that it requires
little side processing while remaining robust to measurement inefficiency, and
is therefore considerably more practical. We evaluate the performance of our
scheme by simulating the correction of bit-flips. We also consider
implementation in a solid-state quantum computation architecture and estimate
the maximal error rate which could be corrected with current technology.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Minor typographic change
Use and Abuse of the Fisher Information Matrix in the Assessment of Gravitational-Wave Parameter-Estimation Prospects
The Fisher-matrix formalism is used routinely in the literature on
gravitational-wave detection to characterize the parameter-estimation
performance of gravitational-wave measurements, given parametrized models of
the waveforms, and assuming detector noise of known colored Gaussian
distribution. Unfortunately, the Fisher matrix can be a poor predictor of the
amount of information obtained from typical observations, especially for
waveforms with several parameters and relatively low expected signal-to-noise
ratios (SNR), or for waveforms depending weakly on one or more parameters, when
their priors are not taken into proper consideration. In this paper I discuss
these pitfalls; show how they occur, even for relatively strong signals, with a
commonly used template family for binary-inspiral waveforms; and describe
practical recipes to recognize them and cope with them.
Specifically, I answer the following questions: (i) What is the significance
of (quasi-)singular Fisher matrices, and how must we deal with them? (ii) When
is it necessary to take into account prior probability distributions for the
source parameters? (iii) When is the signal-to-noise ratio high enough to
believe the Fisher-matrix result? In addition, I provide general expressions
for the higher-order, beyond--Fisher-matrix terms in the 1/SNR expansions for
the expected parameter accuracies.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, previously known as "A User Manual for the
Fisher Information Matrix"; final, corrected PRD versio
Signal Processing
Contains reports on three research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E
Notes on the integration of numerical relativity waveforms
A primary goal of numerical relativity is to provide estimates of the wave
strain, , from strong gravitational wave sources, to be used in detector
templates. The simulations, however, typically measure waves in terms of the
Weyl curvature component, . Assuming Bondi gauge, transforming to the
strain reduces to integration of twice in time. Integrations
performed in either the time or frequency domain, however, lead to secular
non-linear drifts in the resulting strain . These non-linear drifts are not
explained by the two unknown integration constants which can at most result in
linear drifts. We identify a number of fundamental difficulties which can arise
from integrating finite length, discretely sampled and noisy data streams.
These issues are an artifact of post-processing data. They are independent of
the characteristics of the original simulation, such as gauge or numerical
method used. We suggest, however, a simple procedure for integrating numerical
waveforms in the frequency domain, which is effective at strongly reducing
spurious secular non-linear drifts in the resulting strain.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, matches final published versio
Unambiguous comparison of the states of multiple quantum systems
We consider N quantum systems initially prepared in pure states and address
the problem of unambiguously comparing them. One may ask whether or not all
systems are in the same state. Alternatively, one may ask whether or not the
states of all N systems are different. We investigate the possibility of
unambiguously obtaining this kind of information. It is found that some
unambiguous comparison tasks are possible only when certain linear independence
conditions are satisfied. We also obtain measurement strategies for certain
comparison tasks which are optimal under a broad range of circumstances, in
particular when the states are completely unknown. Such strategies, which we
call universal comparison strategies, are found to have intriguing connections
with the problem of quantifying the distinguishability of a set of quantum
states and also with unresolved conjectures in linear algebra. We finally
investigate a potential generalisation of unambiguous state comparison, which
we term unambiguous overlap filtering.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
Three-dimensional sound propagation models using the parabolic-equation approximation and the split-step Fourier method
Author Posting. © IMACS, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of World Scientific Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Computational Acoustics 21 (2013): 1250018, doi:10.1142/S0218396X1250018X.The split-step Fourier method is used in three-dimensional parabolic-equation (PE) models to compute underwater sound propagation in one direction (i.e. forward). The method is implemented in both Cartesian (x, y, z) and cylindrical (r, θ, z) coordinate systems, with forward defined as along x and radial coordinate r, respectively. The Cartesian model has uniform resolution throughout the domain, and has errors that increase with azimuthal angle from the x axis. The cylindrical model has consistent validity in each azimuthal direction, but a fixed cylindrical grid of radials cannot produce uniform resolution. Two different methods to achieve more uniform resolution in the cylindrical PE model are presented. One of the methods is to increase the grid points in azimuth, as a function of r, according to nonaliased sampling theory. The other is to make use of a fixed arc-length grid. In addition, a point-source starter is derived for the three-dimensional Cartesian PE model. Results from idealized seamount and slope calculations are shown to compare and verify the performance of the three methods.This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under the grants N00014-10-1-0040
and N00014-11-1-0701
The spectrum of quantum black holes and quasinormal modes
The spectrum of multiple level transitions of the quantum black hole is
considered, and the line widths calculated. Initial evidence is found for these
higher order transitions in the spectrum of quasinormal modes for Schwarzschild
and Kerr black holes, further bolstering the idea that there exists a
correspondence principle between quantum transitions and classical ``ringing
modes''. Several puzzles are noted, including a fine-tuning problem between the
line width and the level degeneracy. A more general explanation is provided for
why setting the Immirzi parameter of loop quantum gravity from the black hole
spectrum necessarily gives the correct value for the black hole entropy.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
How uncertainty enables non-classical dynamics
The uncertainty principle limits quantum states such that when one observable
takes predictable values there must be some other mutually unbiased observables
which take uniformly random values. We show that this restrictive condition
plays a positive role as the enabler of non-classical dynamics in an
interferometer. First we note that instantaneous action at a distance between
different paths of an interferometer should not be possible. We show that for
general probabilistic theories this heavily curtails the non-classical
dynamics. We prove that there is a trade-off with the uncertainty principle,
that allows theories to evade this restriction. On one extreme, non-classical
theories with maximal certainty have their non-classical dynamics absolutely
restricted to only the identity operation. On the other extreme, quantum theory
minimises certainty in return for maximal non-classical dynamics.Comment: 4 pages + 4 page technical supplement, 2 figure
Monogamy of entanglement and other correlations
It has been observed by numerous authors that a quantum system being
entangled with another one limits its possible entanglement with a third
system: this has been dubbed the "monogamous nature of entanglement". In this
paper we present a simple identity which captures the trade-off between
entanglement and classical correlation, which can be used to derive rigorous
monogamy relations.
We also prove various other trade-offs of a monogamy nature for other
entanglement measures and secret and total correlation measures.Comment: 7 pages, revtex
Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light pulse propagation
We consider pulse propagation in a linear anomalously dispersive medium where
the group velocity exceeds the speed of light in vacuum (c) or even becomes
negative. A signal velocity is defined operationally based on the optical
signal-to-noise ratio, and is computed for cases appropriate to the recent
experiment where such a negative group velocity was observed. It is found that
quantum fluctuations limit the signal velocity to values less than c.Comment: 4 Journal pages, 3 figure
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