PHYTOSOMES ENHANCED THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES OF LANTANA CAMARA

Aim: The aim of the work was to formulate Lantana camara phytosomes to improve the antimicrobial properties. Methods: L. camara phytosomes were prepared by solvent evaporation using soy lecithin (Phospholipon® 90H). The effect of surfactant Poloxamer 188 was carried out. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoconstituents was analyzed. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were studied. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile was studied in ethanolic buffer. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) was evaluated against three bacterial and two fungi. Results: The results showed that saponins were the most dominant phytochemical with about 7% on the plant leaves. The highest EE of 82.80% was obtained. In vitro release showed about 23% drug release at 60 min. The IZD results showed that L. camara had significantly higher activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria ivanovii than Staphylococcus aureus (p<0.05). The results also showed that for Candida albicans, L. camara phytosomes had significantly higher IZD than the extract (p<0.05). However, the L. camara extract and the formulations showed no activity against the Aspergillus flavus. Conclusions: Phytosomes enhanced the antimicrobial properties of L. camara and could serve as a good delivery system for this herbal drug

Solidified Reverse Micellar Solution (SRMS)-Based Indomethacin Sustained-Release Tablets: Formulation and In vitro Evaluation

Purpose: To formulate and evaluate sustained-release indomethacin tablets based on solidified reverse micellar solution (SRMS).Methods: SRMS consisting of mixtures of phospholipid (Phospholipon® 90H) and triglyceride (Softisan® 154) were prepared in the ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, respectively. SRMS-based tablets containing 75 mg of indomethacin each were prepared using a validated plastic mould. The physicochemical properties of the tablet formulations were studied. In vitro release study was carried out in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.5).Results: The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the tablet formulations were significantly affected by the composition/ratio of the lipid matrix used (p < 0.05). Tablet hardness ranged from 5.00 ± 0.39 to 5.60 ± 0.36 kgf for tablets formulated with SRMS 1:2 and 2:1 (N3 and N2), respectively. The tablets exhibited friability of < 1 % (p < 0.05). Erosion time in SIF ranged from 124.0 ± 0.5 to 180.0 ± 1.1 min while drug release from the tablets reached a maximum in 8 – 11 h for all thebatches.Conclusion: Indomethacin tablets based on SRMS exhibited good sustained-release properties and can be further developed to achieve once daily administration for improved patient adherence to therapy.Keywords: Solidified reverse micellar solution, Phospholipid, Triglyceride, Indomethacin, Sustained release

A study of the in vitro interaction of cotrimoxazole and ampicillin using the checkerboard method

In this study, the in vitro interaction of two standard antibiotics – cotrimoxazole and ampicillin trihydrate were studied by the checkerboard technique, using clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The organisms were exposed to the individual antibiotics as well as different combination ratios of the same, and the zones of inhibition as well as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) measured. Synergistic interactions were recorded by the antibiotics against Staph. aureus and S. typhi while indifferent interaction occurred with P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa however, showed resistance to the two antibiotics when they were used alone. The implication is that cotrimoxazole and ampicillin can be used in combination as a superior treatment of infections caused by Staph. aureus and S. typhi