Related to Anxiety: Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding and Experimental Psychopathology Research on Fear and Avoidance

Humans have an unparalleled ability to engage in arbitrarily applicable relational responding (AARR). One of the consequences of this ability to spontaneously combine and relate events from the past, present, and future may, in fact, be a propensity to suffer. For instance, maladaptive fear and avoidance of remote or derived threats may actually perpetuate anxiety. In this narrative review, we consider contemporary AARR research on fear and avoidance as it relates to anxiety. We first describe laboratory-based research on the emergent spread of fear- and avoidance-eliciting functions in humans. Next, we consider the validity of AARR research on fear and avoidance and address the therapeutic implications of the work. Finally, we outline challenges and opportunities for a greater synthesis between behavior analysis research on AARR and experimental psychopathology

Onchocerciasis control in Nigeria: will households be able to afford community-directed treatment with ivermectin?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of affordability of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) to households living in two onchocerciasis endemic Nigerian communities namely Toro in the north and Nike in the south. METHODS: The proportion of the cost of treating people with ivermectin will deplete in average monthly/projected annual household expenditure on food and health care, and on average monthly and projected annual household income were respectively calculated and used to determine the level of affordability of CDTI. Questionnaires administered to heads of households or their representatives were used to collect information on the household expenditures and income. The suggested unit CDTI cost of $0.20 was used. However, as a test of sensitivity, we also used the unit cost of$0.056 which some community based distributors are charging per treatment. RESULT: Using $0.20 as the unit treatment cost, this will consume less than 0.05$0.056 as the unit treatment cost, then 0.02% of average annual household expenditure on health care, 0.01% average annual expenditure on combined health care and food, and 0.01% of average annual household income will be depleted. CONCLUSION: The households living in both communities may be able to afford CDTI schemes. However, the final decision on levels of affordability lies with the households. They will decide whether they can afford to trade-off some household income for ivermectin distribution

Improving Hypertension Control Rate: An intervention study in a cohort of Hypertensive patients of the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Hypertension continues to be a public health crisis in the United States because it carries a significant risk of contributing to cardiovascular diseases which leads to disability, death, and high healthcare expenditure. Nationally, Hypertension control rates are 32% in white adults, 25% in black adults, 19% in Asian adults, and 25% in Hispanic adults.There is a search to approach the management of Hypertension differently to result in better control rates. Measure accurately, Act rapidly, and Partner with patients, (M.A.P) is a framework intervention that has been tested in primary care centers and found to improve Blood pressure control (\u3c140

Serum Copper and Caeruloplasmin levels in Pregnant, Lactating and Non-Pregnant Nigerian women

Objective: To determine the serum levels of copper and caeruloplasmin in pregnant and lactating women from South Eastern Nigeria. Methods Serum copper and Caeruloplasmin levels from 60 pregnant women at various stages of pregnancy and sixty (60) nursing mothers in their immediate postnatal period, all aged between 20 and 45 years were determined. For control, a total of 60 healthy non-pregnant women matched for age were used for the study. Results: A comparison of the results obtained from the subjects with that from the control group showed that the mean serum copper levels in the 2nd and 3rd trimester groups were significantly higher than the non-pregnant and control groups. Interestingly, the mean values obtained from the post-natal group, though lower than those for the 3rd trimester group, were still higher than the values for the controls. For example, mean serum copper in umol/L for 2nd trimester (n=60) is 20.3 ± 5.9 (p< 0.05); 3rd trimester (n = 60) is 26.4 ± 5.6; post-natal women (n = 60) is 25.4 ± 4.9 (p < 0.05); and controls (n = 60) is 19.3 ± 5.8. Similarly, mean serum caeruloplasmin levels in all the pregnant groups as well as in the post-natal group were significantly higher than in the control group. Mean serum caeruloplasmin levels (g/L) in the 1st trimester is 0.73 ± 0.16; in the 2nd trimester 0.98 ± 0.18 (p < 0.05); in 3rd trimester 1.04 ± 0.26 (p < 0.01); in the post-natal group 0.56 ± 0.16; and in the controls 0.41 ± 0.15. Conclusion: Serum copper and caeruloplasmin is elevated in all stages of pregnancy and in lactating women, the increase being highest in the third trimester of pregnancy. Key Words: Copper, Caeruloplasmin, Pregnancy Orient Journal of Medicine Vol.15(1&2) 2003: 9-1

Women and Infant Informational Healthcare Course

A significant worry for a new mother is ensuring the baby is happy and healthy. Taking care of aninfant can be quite challenging and knowing when and how to feed them is another obstacle. To make sure a baby is healthily growing, the baby needs to be fed. The main objective of our internship project was to create resources for women to educate them on the right foods to feed their infants. Finding the right foods to feed a child is quite challenging since there are over 160 allergenic foods and some are more allergenic than others, including cow’s milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, and fish. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing these allergy-inducing foods when the baby is ready to eat solids. New research has shown that for babies at high risk of developing a peanut allergy, giving them peanuts between four to six months of age can greatly reduce the risk of developing the allergy. With the guidance of Family First Physicians, a private practice that provides many services such as women’s health, healthy lifestyle, aesthetics, and pediatrics, we were able to provide the resources by creating an online introduction course to infant feeding

Pneumonia

https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/hd_graphic_novels/1055/thumbnail.jp

Bell\u27s Palsy

https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/hd_graphic_novels/1061/thumbnail.jp

Improving Racial Disparities in the Illinois Healthcare System

In our SLX we specifically talk about race and relating it back to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) that is Good Health and well being. We go into depth how about race impacts Good health and Well Being to find a problem. The problem we see a lot now days is racial disparites in health care. For example “The uninsured rates for Blacks and Asians were 10.6 percent and 7.3 percent, respectively. Hispanics had the highest uninsured rate (16.1 percent).” We want to create a solution that will help solve the racial disparities in the health care systems in Illinois by creating an innovated idea that will active effect minorites in Illinos. Racial disparity is the imbalance between the treatment of different groups this deals with our topic which is race. The racial disparities in health status are prevalent among different populations in Illinois it mainly exists among people of different racial and ethnic groups. This racial disparity in health status represents our UNSDG which is good health and well-being because of us attempting to find solutions for the racial disparities in our health care in Illinois. Our goal is to find solutions that helps decrease racial disparities in health care in Illinois. The solutions we propose is to create access to minorities because organizing free clinics around Chicago where people can come in and if they need any support with health care and or advice. We also thought of having health care worksers coming into communities with a high population og minorites to retrieve treatment in their house from request. We created these solutions to help find ways to help the population of minorities who are victims of racial disparity in health care in Illinois. By creating these solutions we can correlate to our goal of good health and well-being and in these heavily populated areas of minorities who do not have good access to good health care will be able to have good health and well-being by giving them the opportunity to have access to health care workers that can attend to them