The experience with macro-prudential policies of the central bank of the republic of Turkey in response to the global financial crisis

This brief country case study on Turkey aims to summarize the fundamental developments in the banking sector, which represents almost 90 percent of the financial sector in the country. The brief has two parts. The first covers the 2001 financial crisis and the developments until end of 2007, the year before the global financial crisis of 2008 started. The second part focuses on the macro-prudential policies applied by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in response to the global financial crisis in three phases: (i) full liquidity support after Lehman Brothers'collapse (September 2008), (ii) the exit strategy (April 2010), and (iii) the new policy mix (final quarter of 2010).Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Emerging Markets,Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress

A Research on Demographic Indicators of Retail Sector Employees’ Burnout Level in Silifke

Burnout has especially been observed in occupations which require a high level of interaction with people. Burnout is described as the continuous chronic sensitiveness that employees suffer from and occurs as a reaction to stress. It is stated that burnout syndrome causes important problems especially for working people and people who got burnout syndrome suffer from physical and psychological disorders.  Burnout syndrome may result in absenteeism, not being at work during the office hours, increase of employee turnover rates, not concentrating on his/her task which all result in low performance and cause high cost for organizations. The purpose of study is to determine in the retail sector burnout level of health workers and to present the burnout level in terms of some variables. Keywords: Burnout, Medical Staff, Burnout Dimensions

The effect of renin-angiotensin blockers on COVID-19 related mortality: A tertiary center's experience

Background: The first reports on coronaviruse disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed an exaggerated mortality rate in hypertensive patients. In this regard, concerns about angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors’ and angiotensin-receptor blockers’ (ARBs) have been aroused. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the potential bad outcome effect of hypertension and anti-hypertensive therapy on COVID-19. Methods: 183 patients with polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-proven COVID-19, who were admitted to our hospital and consulted to cardiology department between 15th of March and 15th of April 2020 were included. Data were recruited from hospital records. Results: Thirty-two out of 183 patients with COVID-19 died in hospital. Hypertension incidence was not statistically different between patients who survived and died (76 [50.3%] vs 19 [59.4%, p = 0.352]). Although the usage rate of ACEI were similar among groups, ARB usage rate was significantly higher in patients who died than survived (11 [34.4%] vs 23 [15.2%], p = 0.011). Binary regression analysis showed an association between ARBs and mortality (OR: 0.032, 95% CI 1.045–2.623, p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our study confirmed previous concerns regarding a potential harmful effects of ARBs on COVID-19 related mortality.Kontext: První zprávy o onemocnění koronavirem v roce 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) ukazovaly na zvýšenou mortalitu jedinců s hypertenzí, což vyvolalo obavy ohledně užívání inhibitorů angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu (ACEI) a blokátorů receptoru AT1 pro angiotenzin II (ARB). Cílem naší studie bylo posoudit možnost nepříznivého vlivu onemocnění covid-19 na závažnost hypertenze a účinnost antihypertenzní léčby. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 prokázaným PCR testem, kteří byli v období od 15. března do 15. dubna 2020 přijati do naší nemocnice a následně odesláni na kardiologickou kliniku. Údaje byly získány z nemocničních záznamů. Výsledky: Celkem 32 ze 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 zemřelo v nemocnici. Incidence hypertenze se mezi pacienty, kteří přežili a zemřeli, statisticky významně nelišila (76 [50,3 %] vs. 19 [59,4 %]; p = 0,352). I když podíly pacientů užívajících inhibitory ACE byly v obou skupinách podobné, léčiva ze skupiny ARB užívalo statisticky významně více pacientů, kteří zemřeli, než těch, kteří přežili (11 [34,4 %] vs. 23 [15,2 %]; p = 0,011). Binární regresní analýza prokázala souvislost mezi užíváním ARB a mortalitou (OR: 0,032; 95% CI 1,045–2,623; p = 0,032). Závěr: Naše studie potvrdila původní obavy týkající se možných škodlivých účinků lékové skupiny ARB na mortalitu v souvislosti v onemocněním covid-19

The agency of faith-based NGOs in Turkish humanitarian aid policy and practice

While Turkish faith-based NGOs have been involved in delivering humanitarian aid for two decades, the relations of these organizations with the state have not received adequate scholarly attention. The main purpose of this article is to address this gap by asking what roles NGOs play in Turkey's humanitarian aid policy and practice. Despite the relative isolation of Turkey's administrative structure as a result of a strong state tradition, this paper shows that NGOs attempt to play political roles in Turkish foreign policy. The study relies on an analytical framework derived from constructivism to examine the agenda-setting and information-providing activities of Turkish NGOs between 2004 and 2016. Based on findings from a series of semi-structured interviews with 25 respondents from nine different NGOs and three state institutions, this artilce expands the research agenda on Turkey's foreign aid and shows that NGOs function as knowledge-providers, powerful catalysts for humanitarian aid activities, and influential voices in bringing humanitarian issues to light

Resolution of Dropped Pronouns in a Phrase Structure Grammar

In this work intra-sentential resolution of Turkish dropped pronouns in a phrase structure grammar is studied. Turkish is a pro-drop and free constituent order language. The resolution scheme for dropped pronouns depends on the constituent order. We introduce resolution rules for different surface orders and propose an implementation for an HPSG based parser. Implementation is based on incremental processing of non-local referential index sets during parsing

Resolution of Dropped Pronouns in a Phrase Structure Grammar

In this work intra-sentential resolution of Turkish dropped pronouns in a phrase structure grammar is studied. Turkish is a pro-drop and free constituent order language. The resolution scheme for dropped pronouns depends on the constituent order. We introduce resolution rules for different surface orders and propose an implementation for an HPSG based parser. Implementation is based on incremental processing of non-local referential index sets during parsing.

Investigatıon Of Seed Yield And Some Quality Characteristics in Linseed Genotypes Grown in Çanakkale Conditions

Son yıllarda meydana gelen iklimsel değişimler yeni bitki türlerinin tarımsal üretimde yaygınlaştırılmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu konuda ülkemizde sınırlı alanlarda yetiştiriciliği yapılan keten önemli bir alternatif ürün olma niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada sekiz keten genotipinin, tohum verimi, kalite özellikleri ve yaklaşık enerji değerleri bakımından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler 2007 ve 2008 yılında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Dardanos Araştırma ve Uygulama Birimi’nde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada kullanılan genotiplerin tek bitki verimi (g), protein (%), yağ (%), karbonhidrat (%), kül (%) ve kuru madde (%) oranının yanı sıra yaklaşık enerji değerleri (kcal) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, tek bitki verimi bakımından Flanders (1,20 g/bitki), yağ oranı bakımından Midin (% 38,6) ve yaklaşık enerji değeri bakımından Norman (454,9 kcal), karbonhidrat ve kül içeriği bakımından McGregor (% 9,62 ve % 4,23) genotipleri diğer genotiplerden üstün bulunmuştur. İncelenen özelliklerden bazıları arasında istatistikî açıdan önemli ilişkiler tespit edilmiş ve en yüksek korelasyon yağ oranı ile toplam enerji değeri arasında (r=0,89) bulunmuştur..Recently, global climate changes force to introduce new crop species into agricultural production. For this purpose, linseed, which is gown in a limited area in Turkey, could be an alternative crop. In this study, the aim was to compare eight linseed genotypes for seed yield, quality characteristics and energy values. Experiments were conducted in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Dardanos Experimental Unit during 2007 and 2008 according to randomized block experimental design. In the study, plant yield (g/plant), protein (%), oil (%), carbohydrate (%), ash (%), dry matter (%) and energy value (kcal) were determined. The results showed that Flanders (1.20 g/plant) for plant yield, Midin (38.6%) for oil ratio, Norman (454.9 kcal) for energy value and McGregor (9.62% and 4.23%, respectively) for carbohydrate and ash ratio had advantages compared to the rest of genotypes. Significant relationships among some investigated characters were also detected. The highest correlation coefficient (r=0.89) was found between oil ratio and total energy value

Bladder Cancer and Genetic Polymorphisms: A Review

The aetiology of bladder cancer (BC) is still not fully understood. Genetic factors and many different pathways could be involved in the formation and progression of the BC. Some investigators have reported genetic polymorphisms (GPMs) in various genes which might be associated with BC. As summarised below, we have seen an explosion of literature reporting an association between genetic variation and BC risk, as well as between GPM and clinical outcome. In this review GPMs are categorised based on their primary cellular functions: genes in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle control, inflammation, apoptosis, methylation, genes functioning as G proteins, and cell adhesion molecules. A pathway-based genotyping approach, which assesses the combined effects of a panel of polymorphisms that act in the same pathway, may amplify the effects of individual polymorphisms and should be more advantageous to association study than the candidate gene approach

Anatomical relationships of the transmuscular portal to its surrounding structures in arthroscopic treatment of superior labrum anterior posterior lesions: A cadaveric study and preliminary report

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationships of the transmuscular portal to its surrounding structures in arthroscopic treatment of superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions in a human cadaveric model