Deep Learning Based Detection on RIS Assisted RSM and RSSK Techniques

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered a crucial technology for the future of wireless communication. Recently, there has been significant interest in combining RIS with spatial modulation (SM) or space shift keying (SSK) to achieve a balance between spectral and energy efficiency. In this paper, we have investigated the use of deep learning techniques for detection in RIS-aided received SM (RSM)/received-SSK (RSSK) systems over Weibull fading channels, specifically by extending the RIS-aided SM/SSK system to a specific case of the conventional SM system. By employing the concept of neural networks, the study focuses on model-driven deep learning detection namely block deep neural networks (B-DNN) for RIS-aided SM systems and compares its performance against maximum likelihood (ML) and greedy detectors. Finally, it has been demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulation that while B-DNN achieved a bit error rate (BER) performance close to that of ML, it gave better results than the Greedy detector.Comment: Accepted to be published in GlobeComm 2023 Worksho

Evaluation of first thinning in brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands: A case study in Sütçüler

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of thinning on natural Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Isparta/Sütçüler Forestry Management Directorate. The effect of the four-year results of thinning on the growth characteristics of Brutian pine stands was evaluated at two different levels applied in two different areas at similar elevation. Moderate thinning was performed in area I, and heavy thinning was performed in area II. Thinning applied in Brutian pine stands in both areas had an effect on mean diameter at breast height, tree height, tree stability and total basal area. Tree stability, diameter and height growth of trees increased with the thinnings applied. At the end of four years, no significant difference was determined between the areas where thinnings was applied and the control areas in terms of the total volume per hectare in both areas. As a result, heavy thinning may be preferred as the first thinning in areas where regular maintenance is applied in natural Brutian pine stands. In areas where regular maintenance is not applied, moderate thinning can be applied considering the development of the stand

Modelling Probability Distributions from Data and its Influence on Simulation

Generating random variates as generalisation of a given sample is an important task for stochastic simulations. The three main methods suggested in the literature are: fitting a standard distribution, constructing an empirical distribution that approximates the cumulative distribution function and generating variates from the kernel density estimate of the data. The last method is practically unknown in the simulation literature although it is as simple as the other two methods. The comparison of the theoretical performance of the methods and the results of three small simulation studies show that a variance corrected version of kernel density estimation performs best and should be used for generating variates directly from a sample. (author's abstract)Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processin

The Role of Quality of Work-Life in Strengthening the Organizational Commitment of Hotel Employees

Araştırmada, çalışanların iş ve günlük yaşamlarının önemli bir unsuru olan iş-yaşam kalitesinin örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de İstanbul, İzmir ve Kırklareli illerindeki otel işletmelerinde istihdam edilen 398 çalışana yüz yüze anket tekniği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada öncelikle iş yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği test edilmiştir. Daha sonra iş-yaşam kalitesi boyutlarının çalışanların duygusal bağlılık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinin test edilmesi amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda üst düzey ihtiyaçlardan oluşan sosyal, estetik, kendini gerçekleştirme, bilgi, saygınlık boyutlarının örgütsel bağlılığı öncelikli olarak etkilediği belirlenmiş, bu ihtiyaçların yanı sıra sağlık ve güvenlik ihtiyaçları ile ekonomik ve aile ihtiyaçlarından oluşan alt düzey ihtiyaçların da örgütsel bağlılığı artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Örgüt içinde çalışanların başta sosyal, estetik ve kendini gerçekleştirme arzuları olmak üzere üst ve alt düzey ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ile işe olan bağlılıklarının güçlendirilebileceği ön görülmektedir.This research aimed to determine the impact of the quality of work life on employees’ organizational commitment. For this purpose, 398 employees who works in hotel establishments in İstanbul, Kırklareli and İzmir provinces were surveyed via questionnaire form face to face. The scale of perceptions of quality of work life was utilized to validate the measurement instruments used in the study. After that structural equation modeling has been carried out to test the effects of the dimensions of quality of work life on emotional commitment levels of employees. In conclusion, it was determined that higher order needs (social, aesthetic, self-realization, knowledge and esteem needs) that defines the quality of work life significantly and positively affect employees’ organizational commitment. It was determined that lower order needs (economic and family needs, health and safety needs) significantly increases the organizational commitment. It is foreseen that the employees' commitment to their hotel establishments can be strengthened by meeting their upper and lower level needs that define their quality of work life, especially the social, aesthetic and self-fulfilling desires of the employees in the organization

Investigation of Tourists' Complaints About Hospitality Businesses: A Research on Marmara Region Hotels

Bu araştırmada turistlerin konaklama işletmelerinden şikâyetlerinin belirlenmesi ve ilgili şikâyetlerin belli kategoriler halindedeğerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin önemli turizm destinasyonlarından olan Marmara Bölgesi’nde yer alanillerde (İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bursa, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Yalova, Kırklareli, Edirne, Tekirdağ ve Bilecik) faaliyetlerini sürdürendört ve beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinden turistlerin şikâyetleri “şikayetvar.com” web sitesi üzerinden tespit ve kategorize edilmiştir.İlgili illerin kültür ve turizm müdürlüklerinin web sayfalarından ve telefonla iletişim kurularak aktif olarak faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte olandört yıldızlı (226 tane) ve beş yıldızlı (161 tane) konaklama işletmelerinin listesi hazırlanmıştır. Turistlerin şikâyetlerini betimlemeküzere nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analiz tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde Marmara Bölgesi’ndefaaliyetlerini sürdüren toplam 387 adet dört ve beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmesinden 385’i hakkında 1015 şikâyet tespit edilmiştir. İlgilişikâyetlerin toplam görüntülenme sayısı 1.619.851 ve bir şikâyetin görüntülenme ortalaması 1596 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Konaklamaişletmelerinin ilgili şikâyetlere cevap verme sayısı toplam 4’tür. Turistlerin şikâyet konuları çoğunlukla konaklama işletmelerinin fiyatpolitikaları (292 şikâyet), personelleri (255 şikâyet) ve hizmet kaliteleri (224 şikâyet) ile ilgilidirIn this research, it is aimed to determine the complaints of the tourists about the hotels and to evaluate the related complaints in certain categories. In this context, it has been identified and categorized the complaints of the tourists about the four and five star accommodation businesses located in the provinces (İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bursa, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Yalova, Kırklareli, Edirne, Tekirdağ and Bilecik) in the Marmara Region which is one of the important tourism destinations of Turkey through the “şikayetvar.com” website. A list of the four-star (226 businesses) and five-star (161 businesses) accommodation businesses which are actively operating has been prepared by using the web pages of the cultural and tourism directorates of the relevant provinces and by communicating by phone. As a result of the analyzes, a total of 1.015 complaints have been identified about 385 of 387 four and five star hotels operating in the Marmara Region. The total number of views of the related complaints was 1.619.851 and the average display of a complaint was 1.596. The number of responds to the complaints by the accommodation businesses was 4. The complaints of the tourists were mostly related to the price policies (292 complaints), staff (255 complaints) and service quality (224 complaints) of accommodation businesses

Contrast Sensitivity in Microtropic and Anisometropic Eyes of Successfully Treated Amblyopes

Objectives: To assess and compare contrast sensitivity function in the previously amblyopic and non-amblyopic "normal" eyes of patients with microtropia and anisometropia who achieved 20/20 visual acuity after occlusion therapy. Materials and Methods: Contrast sensitivity was tested monocularly on both eyes of 34 successfully treated microtropic and 15 anisometropic subjects (visual acuity 20/20 in both eyes). Contrast sensitivity function was evaluated by CSV-1000E and age-matched nomograms were used (spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree [cpd]) for comparison. Results: The mean age of subjects was 11.2 +/- 1.3 years in the microtropic group, 9.8 +/- 1.7 years in the anisometropic group (7-12 years); the mean follow-up time was 16.4 +/- 3.2 months (12 to 92) in the microtropic group and 27.7 +/- 1.8 months (12-84) in the anisometropic group. Statistical comparison of the microtropic amblyopic eyes versus non-microtropic eyes showed significant differences at spatial frequencies of 3, 12 and 18 cpd (3 cpd, t= 2.8, p= 0.007; 6 cpd, t= 1.1 p= 0.261; 12 cpd, t= 2.2, p= 0.033; 18 cpd, t= 2.2, p= 0.030). When anisometropic eyes were compared with non-anisometropic eyes, there was a significant difference only at 12 cpd (t= 2.1 p= 0.049). The comparison of non-amblyopic eyes versus age-matched nomograms revealed no differences at any of the spatial frequencies (p> 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity was decreased in patients with amblyopia, especially in the microtropic group. The assessment of contrast sensitivity function may serve as a new parameter for termination of occlusion therapy