Ретроспектива законодательства в сфере добычи (приобретения) диких животных с целью их содержания и разведения в полувольных условиях или в неволе

Досліджено спеціальну юридичну літературу та нормативно-правову базу виникнення та поетапного становлення законодавства у сфері добування (придбання) диких тварин з метою їх утримання та розведення у напіввільних умовах чи в неволі. Об’єктивно та ґрунтовно досліджено історію процесу утворення, формування й становлення екологічного законодавства в цій сфері. Відповідно до проаналізованих джерел виділено основні етапи розвитку законодавства щодо спеціального права використання тваринного світу.The purpose of the article is to analyze and thoroughly study the special legal literature and the legal and regulatory framework for the emergence and gradual formation of legislation in the field of obtaining (purchasing) wild animals for the purpose of their maintenance and breeding in semi-free conditions or in captivity. The importance of the scientific article is indisputable, since the question of the formation and development of the legislative framework, through which becomes possible regulation of environmental relations in the field of acquisition (acquisition) of wild animals for the purpose of their maintenance and breeding in semi-free conditions or in captivity, is a complex historical and legal phenomenon, that has its own periodization. In the scientific work the author objectively and thoroughly investigates the history of the process of formation, formation and formation of environmental legislation in the field of obtaining (purchasing) wild animals for the purpose of keeping and breeding in semi-free conditions or in captivity. The author’s point of view is fair, according to which in Ukraine there is currently no effective system of normative legal acts, that ensure the proper regulation of the use and protection of wild animals, that are in a semi-free condition or in captivity. At the same time in order to preserve the diversity of wildlife and successfully restore their numbers it is necessary to have an effective and reliable national legal system, ecological and legal norms and regulations that would regulate the legal regime of wild animals in semi-free conditions or in captivity. The key point is the author’s position, that the formation of a retrospective of legislation in the field of acquisition (purchase) of wild animals for the purpose of their maintenance and breeding in semi-free conditions or in captivity should be divided into four main periods: the ancient period, medieval period, the period of the influence of tsarist Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire on Ukrainian lands and the period of formation and development of legislation within the Soviet Union. In the conclusions the author summarizes the analysis of the development of environmental legislation in the field of acquisition (purchase) of wild animals for the purpose of their maintenance and breeding in semi-free conditions or in captivity.Исследованы специальная юридическая литература и нормативно-правовая база возникновения и поэтапного становления законодательства в сфере добычи (приобретения) диких животных с целью их содержания и разведения в полувольных условиях или в неволе. Объективно и основательно изучена история процесса образования, формирования и становления экологического законодательства в данной сфере. Согласно проанализированным источникам выделены основные этапы развития законодательства о специальном праве использования животного мира

The role of interleukin-10 gene polymorphism (rs 1800872) in the course of herpes zoster in adults

Aim. The aim of the work was to determine the role of polymorphism of the interleukin-10 gene (rs 1800872) in the course of herpes zoster in adults. Materials and methods. 50 adult patients with herpes zoster were included into the study. The clinical course of the disease and development of the certain nature of complications were analyzed depending on the genetic polymorphism of the interleukin-10 gene. Statistical data processing was performed with using the formed patient database in the program STATISTICA for Windows 13 (StatSoft Inc., № JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results. It was established that genotype TT of the IL-10 gene (rs 1800872) was recorded in 30 (60.0 %) patients with herpes zoster versus 14 (35.0 %) healthy people from the control group (P = 0.02), which confirmed the significance of the gene polymorphism IL-10 in reactivation of the varicella zoster virus and the manifestation of shingles. Analysis of the polymorphism of the IL-10 gene depending on the clinical form and the severity of shingle showed that genotype TT was significantly more frequently recorded in patients with severe course disease (86.7 % vs. 48.6 %, P = 0.01), however, did not influenced on the formation of certain clinical forms of the disease (P > 0.05). In patients with herpes zoster polymorphism of the IL-10 gene (rs 1800872) influenced the severity of the course of the disease, namely, the TT genotype was associated with a severe course of the disease (P = 0.01) and the development of neurological complications (P = 0.03), which were represented by meningitis (6), Ramsey-Hunt syndrome (3) and the subsequent formation of postherpetic neuralgia (3), as well as of ophthalmic nature (P = 0.0001), which were represented by herpetic blepharoconjunctivitis (16), keratouveitis (3), iridocyclitis (1), subconjunctival hemorrhages (1). Unlike the TT genotype, genotype TG of the IL-10 gene (rs 1800872) was associated with the development of complications with the addition of secondary bacterial microflora (χ2 = 4.5, P = 0.03), the incidence of which did not depend n the severity of herpes zoster (P > 0.05). Conclusions. In patients with herpes zoster, the TT-genotype of the IL-10 gene (rs 1800872) was associated with reactivation of the varicella zoster virus and development of a severe disease course, with formation of neurological (χ2 = 4.75, P = 0.03) and ophthalmic (χ2 = 14.75, P = 0.0001) complications. The TG genotype of the IL-10 gene (rs 1800872) is associated with the development of complications associated with the addition of secondary bacterial microflora (χ2 = 4.5, P = 0.03)

ПРО МЕТОДИ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ТА ПЕДАГОГІКИ ПРИ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ

The aim of the work – to give a brief historical description of the evolution of pedagogical and psychological knowledge and to assess the role of critical thinking in pedagogy in the context of the postgraduate training of future physicians.The main body. The history of pedagogy and psychological knowledge has a staged nature. Pedagogy developed as a comprehensive science that covered the results of various scientific disciplines. By the 90s the most modern systems of pedagogical education has been formed in Ukraine. This system provided not only with special knowledge, but it also educated a person in a broad sense.A teacher is a very important component in training doctors. Internship kept freedom in the development of pedagogical technology. The differential training, learning through play and the method of critical thinking are considered to be the most effective technologies in the training of future physicians. The main point of learning is an independent cognitive activity aimed at the search, processing, and mastering of educational information. The most important technological method is to teach how to develop a critical thinking. The purpose – to provide the development of critical thinking through the interactive inclusion of students in the learning process.Conclusions. When choosing a system of education, it is important to preserve the scientific and historical roots. Careful attitude to the success of the Ukrainian schools of pedagogy and psychology is the key to preserving scientific thought and competitiveness. Individual approach and critical thinking are the best pedagogical technologies for teaching a modern physician.Мета роботи – дати коротку історичну характеристику еволюції педагогічного і психологічного пізнання й оцінити роль критичного мислення в педагогіці при післядипломній підготовці майбутніх лікарів.Основна частина. Історія педагогіки й психологічного пізнання мала стадійний характер. Педагогіка розвивалася як комплексна наука, яка охоплювала результати різних наукових дисциплін. До 90-х років в Україні сформувалася найбільш сучасна та одна з найкращих систем педагогічної освіти. Ця система дозволила давати не лише спеціальні знання, але й виховувала широко освічену людину. Роль наставника, вчителя при підготовці лікаря є дуже важливою складовою. Інтернатура залишилася вільною у виборі педагогічної технології. До найбільш ефективних технологій у підготовці майбутніх лікарів можна віднести диференційне, ігрове навчання та метод критичного мислення. Сутність навчання – це самостійна пізнавальна діяльність, що спрямована на пошук, обробку, засвоєння навчальної інформації. І, врешті-решт, найголовніший технологічний метод – навчання розвитку критичного мислення. Ціллю даного методу є забезпечити розвиток критичного мислення через інтерактивне включення студентів у навчальний процес. Висновки. На наш погляд, при виборі системи освіти важливим є збереження наукових та історичних коренів. Дбайливе ставлення до успіхів власних шкіл педагогіки та психології – запорука збереження наукової думки та конкурентності. Індивідуальний підхід та критичне мислення – це оптимальні педагогічні технології для становлення сучасного лікаря

Langmuir wave linear evolution in inhomogeneous nonstationary anisotropic plasma

Equations describing the linear evolution of a non-dissipative Langmuir wave in inhomogeneous nonstationary anisotropic plasma without magnetic field are derived in the geometrical optics approximation. A continuity equation is obtained for the wave action density, and the conditions for the action conservation are formulated. In homogeneous plasma, the wave field E universally scales with the electron density N as E ~ N^{3/4}, whereas the wavevector evolution varies depending on the wave geometry

Two-particle decays of B_c meson into charmonium states

The factorization of hard and soft contributions into the hadronic decays of B_c meson at large recoils is explored in order to evaluate the decay rates into the S, P and D-wave charmonia associated with rho and pi. The constraints of approach applicability and uncertainties of numerical estimates are discussed. The mode with the J/psi in the final state is evaluated taking into account the cascade radiative electromagnetic decays of excited P-wave states, that enlarges the branching ratio by 20-25%.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX axodraw-style, 1 figure, 2 table

Retrospective Analysis of Enterovirus Infection Morbidity Rate in the Territory of the Amur Region and Peculiarities of Epidemic Process in the Period of Large-Scale Flood

There has been observed a tendency to increment of enterovirus morbidity rate over the past seven years. Foci of this infection have been formed in the area from time to time, with minor forms of the disease being predominant in clinical findings. Genetically enteroviruses circulating in the Amur Region have been characterized as homogenous; however there is a genetic relation among them with and, consequently, epidemiologic connection to enteroviruses originated from China. However, since May, 2013 there has been detected a boost activation of epidemic process as regards enteroviral infection, followed by the formation of two major foci with clustered infection, due to importation from Thailand as well. Emergency situation under conditions of flood (August-September, 2013) has contributed to aggravation of epidemiological situation on enteroviral infection. It has led to the increase in numbers of the exposed up to the maximum level for the past few years. In the territory of the temporal accommodation sites, where affected by high water and exposed to the infection population was placed, registered have been the cases of clustered enterovirus infection

Brain biopsy for diagnosis of chlamydia encephalitis

This is the case of encephalitis associated with chlamydia infection of central nervous system. The diagnostic protocol of the patient included: a careful observation of somatic and neurological status, laboratory tests of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, neurovisualization. The results of the diagnostic protocol suggest that laboratory tests blood and cerebrospinal fluid possess low sensitivity and specificity. The MRI study has revealed the localization and inflammatory character of the changes in brain tissue; it has also helped to choose the most favorable area for the stereotaxic biopsy. The obtained tissue was evaluated by means of light (immunohistochemistry) and electronic microscopy. The active chlamydia infection was estimated. The subsequent antibacterial etiotropic therapy resulted in the regression of the neurologic symptoms and remission.The intravitalpathomorphology study of the brain could be recommended for the management of the severe encephalitis of the unknown origin

Concerning Preventive Activities Providing Control over Morbidity Rates in Reference to Flue, ARVI, and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Amur Region in the Post-Flooding Period

It is supposed that after exposure to impacts of the large-scale high water on the background of chronic persistent stress, immune activity of the organism is decreased, which may lead to sanitary-epidemiological implications and contribute to morbidity rate increment as regards a number of relevant nosological entities among the population of the devastated territory. Statistically community-acquired pneumonias are still one of the key factors for infectious morbidity, hospitalization and mortality rate in the region. They are indicators for organization of medical assistance to the population. Therewith, evaluated has been morbidity rate in reference to acute respiratory viral infections and community-acquired pneumonias in the Amur Region for the past three years, assessed has been epidemiological situation throughout 2013. Morbidity rate as regards community-acquired pneumonias in the Amur Region over the surveyed period (2010-2013) has turned out to be two times higher than the national one, and 60-70 % - than that throughout the Far Eastern Federal district. In order to avoid distribution of the acute respiratory viral infections, flue, and community-acquired pneumonias and epidemic foci formation in the territory of the Amur Region in the post-flooding period, established is a complex of sanitary-anti-epidemic (prophylactic) and remedial measures. Besides of that, identified are the main areas of activities aimed at stabilization of the situation as a long term strategy

К механизму активации восстановительных процессов в печени при использовании общей РНК клеток костного мозга

Objective: to study the cellular mechanisms of activation of regenerative processes in the liver when using total RNA (tRNA) of bone marrow cells (BMCs) based on an extended liver resection (ELR) model. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 80) with ELR model (70%) were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (control group) had a single saline injection, while group 2 (experimental group) received a single tRNA injection at a 30 μg/100 g dose of animal weight. The biochemical parameters of liver function and weight were monitored over time. Also monitored were microstructural changes in hepatocytes 48 hours after ELR by examining mitotic activity, caspase-9 expression and morphometric parameters. Results. It was found that in group 2, in comparison to group 1, there was faster normalization of biochemical parameters (by 10–14 days), a higher mitotic index of hepatocytes (23.45‰ versus 5.37‰), and initially sharper decrease and then faster recovery of liver mass (by 10–12 days versus 18–20 days). Both groups showed almost total expression of caspase-9, including in mitotically splitting hepatocytes. Group 1 demonstrated decreased values of morphometric parameters of single and binuclear cells, decreased number of binucleated hepatocytes and increased total density of hepatocytes as compared to the intact liver. Intraperitoneal administration of tRNA increased morphometric parameters of mononuclear hepatocytes, did not affect their number, but increased the area of the nuclei of binuclear hepatocytes as compared to the control group. Conclusion. The proven capability of cell-bone marrow total RNA to simultaneously support apoptosis in liver cells after ELR and induce mitotic activity indicates that tRNA can switch activated apoptosis to cell proliferation at the early phase of the regenerative process. This effect may be due to the presence of regulatory RNA molecules in tRNA, including numerous non-coding RNAs.Цель – на модели обширной резекции печени (ОРП) изучить клеточные механизмы активации восстановительных процессов в печени при использовании общей РНК (оРНК) клеток костного мозга (ККМ). Материалы и методы. Крыс-самцов породы Вистар (n = 80) с моделью ОРП (70%) разделили на 2 группы: группа 1 – контроль с однократным введением физиологического раствора и группа 2 – опытная с однократным введением оРНК в дозе 30 мкг/100 г веса животного. Контролировали в динамике биохимические показатели функции и массу печени, а также микроструктурные изменения гепатоцитов через 48 часов после ОРП, исследуя митотическую активность, экспрессию каспазы 9 и морфометрические показатели. Результаты. Установлено, что в группе 2 по сравнению с группой 1 имеет место: более быстрая нормализация биохимических показателей (к 10–14-м суткам), более высокий митотический индекс гепатоцитов (23,45‰ против 5,37‰), первоначально более резкое снижение, а затем более быстрое восстановление массы печени (к 10–12-м суткам против 18–20-х суток). В группах 1 и 2 выявлена практически тотальная экспрессия каспазы 9, в том числе в митотически делящихся гепатоцитах. В группе 1 выявлено уменьшение значений морфометрических показателей одно- и двухъядерных клеток, уменьшение количества двухъядерных гепатоцитов и увеличение общей плотности гепатоцитов по сравнению с интактной печенью. Внутрибрюшинное введение оРНК приводило к увеличению значений морфометрических показателей одноядерных гепатоцитов, не влияло на их количество, но увеличивало площадь ядер двухъядерных гепатоцитов по сравнению с контролем. Заключение. Доказанное свойство оРНК из ККМ одновременно поддерживать в клетках печени после ОРП процессы апоптоза и индуцировать митотическую активность свидетельствует о том, что оРНК способна на ранней фазе регенерационного процесса переключать активировавшийся апоптоз на пролиферацию клеток. Обнаруженный эффект может быть обусловлен наличием в составе оРНК регуляторных молекул РНК, в том числе многочисленных белок-некодирующих РНК

Gold-plated Mode of CP-Violation in Decays of B_c Meson from QCD Sum Rules

The model-independent method based on the triangle ideology is implemented to extract the CKM-matrix angle gamma in the decays of doubly heavy long-lived meson B_c. We analyze a color structure of diagrams and conditions to reconstruct two reference-triangles by tagging the flavor and CP eigenstates of D^0 meson in the fixed exclusive channels. The characteristic branching ratios are evaluated in the framework of QCD sum rules.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX4 file, 4 eps-figure