3 research outputs found

    Блучайная Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° с Π°Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ

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    ΠžΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ΅ с Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ особого назначСния, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ с собой Π² потусторонний ΠΌΠΈΡ€. НахоТдСниС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅Π±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… памятниках ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ-этничСскиС связи Π² дрСвности. Но, ΠΊ соТалСнию, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅ всСгда ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ΅ находят Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ состоянии ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксах. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ количСство ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° – это Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ случайныС Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ. Под «случайными Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ» Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ архСологичСский Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π²Π½Π΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… поисков. НСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ являСтся ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ памятника ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ понимания ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅Π±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π΅, само Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ являСтся ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° распространСния. Одной ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ являСтся Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊ с Π°Π½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ сломанным ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚ΡƒΠΏΡ‹ΠΌ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ пСрСкрСстиСм, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ· сСла ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ° Восточно-ΠšΠ°Π·Π°Ρ…ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ области. ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ являСтся Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° со всСми Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎ- логичСским описаниСм, с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ рассмотрСн вопрос, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ наимСнования Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π½Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ΅, пСрСкрСстиС, Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ). Акинак относится ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡŽ «прохоровского» Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» распространСн Π½Π° большой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ датируСтся Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ IV-III Π²Π². Π΄ΠΎ Π½.э

    Lipid residues in ancient pastoralist pottery from Kazakhstan reveal regional differences in cooking practices

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    The Bronze Ageβ€”Iron Age transition in Central Asia (ca. 800 BCE) was a period of significant cultural change that was heavily influenced by greater population interaction and mobility. Indeed, scholars have increasingly emphasized the role that β€œfood globalization in prehistory” has played in defining this period. In the mountain foothills of Kazakhstan, culinary traditions from across Eurasia were combined through the use of Southwest Asian wheat, barley, and livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) with East Asian foxtail and broomcorn millets. The development of food cultures during this period has been investigated by archaeobotanical and isotopic analysis, yet lipid residues from pottery, which directly represent culinary practices, have not been adequately examined. In this study, lipid residue analysis was conducted on 72 pottery sherds, excavated from three burial mounds and one non-burial, ritual site located in Kazakhstan, dating to ca. 700–200 BCE. A particularly informative observation was the frequency of miliacin, a biomarker of broomcorn millet, detected in residues that corresponded well with previously published regional differences observed in carbon isotope ratios of human remains that indicate the consumption of C4 plants. This study also demonstrates continuity of Bronze Age dairying traditions into the Iron Age. Finally, this study sheds new light on the diversity of food cultures and mortuary practices in this region, which were not uniform across either space or time

    Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians

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    The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.N
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