3 research outputs found
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ, ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ Β«ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ» Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π²Π½Π΅
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎ- Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ). ΠΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΡ Β«ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ IV-III Π²Π². Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ
Lipid residues in ancient pastoralist pottery from Kazakhstan reveal regional differences in cooking practices
The Bronze AgeβIron Age transition in Central Asia (ca. 800 BCE) was a period of significant cultural change that was heavily influenced by greater population interaction and mobility. Indeed, scholars have increasingly emphasized the role that βfood globalization in prehistoryβ has played in defining this period. In the mountain foothills of Kazakhstan, culinary traditions from across Eurasia were combined through the use of Southwest Asian wheat, barley, and livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) with East Asian foxtail and broomcorn millets. The development of food cultures during this period has been investigated by archaeobotanical and isotopic analysis, yet lipid residues from pottery, which directly represent culinary practices, have not been adequately examined. In this study, lipid residue analysis was conducted on 72 pottery sherds, excavated from three burial mounds and one non-burial, ritual site located in Kazakhstan, dating to ca. 700β200 BCE. A particularly informative observation was the frequency of miliacin, a biomarker of broomcorn millet, detected in residues that corresponded well with previously published regional differences observed in carbon isotope ratios of human remains that indicate the consumption of C4 plants. This study also demonstrates continuity of Bronze Age dairying traditions into the Iron Age. Finally, this study sheds new light on the diversity of food cultures and mortuary practices in this region, which were not uniform across either space or time
Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians
The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.N