Microbial transformation of cycloastragenol

WOS: 000317452700013PubMed ID: 23357596The microbial transformation of cycloastragenol by the fungi Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and Glomerella fusarioides ATCC 9552, and the bacterium Mycobacterium sp. NRRL 3805 were investigated. Both fungi mainly provided hydroxylated metabolites together with products formed by cyclization, dehydrogenation and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation resulting in a ring cleavage. The bacteria yielded only a single oxidation product, namely, 3-oxo-cycloastragenol. Structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1-D (H-1,C-13), 2-D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HMQC) and HRMS analyses. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights regerved.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109S345]; COST Action CM [0804]This work is supported by TUBITAK (109S345) and COST Action CM 0804. We are very grateful to Dr. Markus Ganzera for his help in mass spectrometry, and Bionorm Natural Products for providing cycloastragenol

Environmental life cycle assessment of olive pomace utilization in Turkey

Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem/0000-0002-7231-5154; Kaynak, Aylin/0000-0001-7457-1787WOS: 000533614800010Turkey is one of the top five producers of olive oil in the globe. Olive pomace, a by-product of olive oil production, has several environmental impacts on the ecosystem when untreated. in this study we compared five different scenarios for the treatment and utilization olive pomace in terms of their life cycle environmental impacts. These scenarios include i) traditional, ii) two-phase, and iii) three-phase production of olive oil followed by producing biofuel pellets from the olive pomace, iv) producing fodder additives from olive pomace, and v) composting the olive pomace. the functional unit was chosen as olive pomace produced as a result of the production of 1 kg of olive oil. the following impacts were calculated by using CCaLC software and CML2001 method, with a gate-to-grave approach: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog formation potential, and human toxicity potential. An overall impact calculation was also performed by normalizing the individual impacts and assigning equal weights to them. the first three scenarios were observed to have significantly lower impacts, and in many cases even impact credits for the system, mainly due to the fact that utilizing the biofuel pellet eliminates the consumption, thus the production of natural gas, which has especially high environmental impacts in case of Turkey. Traditional olive oil production was found to have a lower overall impact compared to two-phase and three-phase production. For most of the impacts, operational processes and utilization emerged as the hotspots. This study is considered to be a valuable guide for the olive oil sector in Turkey in terms of reducing its environmental footprint while getting economic gain. This particular study is novel in the sense that to the best of our knowledge, it is the first study conducted in Turkey in which a comprehensive life cycle assessment of utilizing olive pomace has been conducted. Future studies on this topic should focus on the consequential life cycle assessment of the nation-wide implementation of the scenarios analyzed in this work. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV production by solid state fermentation using alternative fungal sources

WOS: 000312424500007The present work was carried out for the production of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) using Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus strains under solid state fermentation conditions. Response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of the selected operational variables (corn flour, initial moisture content, and cultivation time) for DPP IV activity as the response. The optimal parameters of DPP IV activity for the independent variables, namely the amount of corn flour (% w/w), initial moisture content (% w/w), and cultivation time (days), were evaluated to be 2.44%, 60.85%, and 4.69 days, respectively, using Aspergillus awamori T116. The response for these results was also shown to be in very close agreement with the experimental data.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [105T195]We thank Sevket Karacanci (PhD) for using the Design Expert software (version 7.1.6, Stat-Ease, Inc.). This study was supported by TUBITAK, project number 105T195

Dephenolization and decolorization of olive mill wastewater through sequential batch and co-culture applications

WOS: 000289101900013In a previous work it was reported adapted Trametes versicolor FPRL 28A INI culture was used to treat undiluted olive mill wastewater (OMW) without addition of any nutrients with significant amount of total phenolics were removed. However, decolorization was not so pronounced. Therefore, the aim of this study is to enhance the efficiency of dephenolization and decolorization of the primary treatment with adapted Trametes versicolor, incorporating a secondary biological treatment step using different microorganisms with sequential batch and co-culture applications. Through sequential batch applications Funalia trogii ATCC 20080 was found to have a higher potential in terms of total phenolics removal and decolorization amongst the tested organisms and better results were obtained from sequential batch applications as compared to co-culture experiments. In sequential batch applications, up to 91% total phenolics were removed and 64% decolorization was achieved after 24 days with 20% (v/v) inoculation rate of F. trogii when malt extract broth was used in inoculum preparation. In addition, significant accumulation of laccase (2019 +/- A 121.13Ul(-1)) and manganese peroxidase (463 +/- A 33.89 Ul(-1)) activities were attained. In co-culture applications highest total phenolics removal and decolorization were 78 and 39%, respectively, with non-adapted T. versicolor, whereas highest laccase and manganese peroxidase acitivities were obtained with F. trogii as 2219 Ul(-1) +/- A 176.14(.) and 513 +/- A 4.12 Ul(-1), respectively.ECEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreEuropean Community (EC) [ICA3-1999-00010]This work was supported by EC Contract No. ICA3-1999-00010, "Mediterranean Usage of Biotechnological Treated EffluentWater," "Medusa Water." The authors wish to thank Dr. Tajalli Keshavarz and Christine S. Evans (Westminster University, England), Ozfer Yesilada (Inonu University, Turkey) for kindly supplying the fungal strains, and Dr. Belen Juarez Jimenez (Granada University, Water Institute, Spain) for her help with GC-MS analysis

Microbial transformation of Astragalus sapogenins using Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and Glomerella fusarioides ATCC 9552

WOS: 000353599300005The microbial transformation of Astragalus sp. derived sapogenins, namely cycloastragenol, astragenol and cyclocanthogenol, by Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and Glomerella fusarioides ATCC 9552 were investigated. The unique enzyme system of both fungi resulted hydroxylation, cyclization, dehydrogenation and oxidation reactions. Structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by 1-D (H-1, C-13, NOESY), 2-D NMR (DQF-COSY, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY) and HR-MS analyses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109S345]; European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action)European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [CM0804]This work is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project No: 109S345) and European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action No: CM0804). The fungi, Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 was obtained from the ARS Culture Collection, USA, and Glomerealla fusarioides ATCC 9552 was obtained from LGC Standards-ATCC Culture Collection. Finally, we are very greatful to Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry for obtaining mass spectra

Production of recombinant human dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Sf9 cells in microbial fermenters

WOS: 000368559100014The human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (hDPPIV/CD26) is expressed as an immune response in some cancer cells as well as intestine and incretin metabolism, and deficiency of the enzyme leads to metabolic disorders. In the present study, recombinant hDPPIV/CD26 genes were expressed in baculovirus-insect cell systems in a 5-L stirred-tank fermenter. Because of the shear sensitivity of the insect cell line, production from insect cells should be performed in new-generation type bioreactors, which are commonly more expensive than microbial fermenters. To optimize the process, hydrodynamic parameters and oxygen consumption of Sf9 cells at 1.5 L and 3 L were monitored, and a certain amount of serum was added to the production medium to decrease shear and stabilize the growth of insect cells that normally do not need serum addition. In this study, dimensionless numbers and some hydrodynamic parameters were calculated in 1.5 L, and predictions were made for 3 L fermenter volumes. Agitation rates of 60 rpm were determined to protect insect cells against damaging shear stress. Regarding the agitation rate, oxygen mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a) was 0.0129 min(-1) for 1.5 L and was kept constant for 3 L (0.0133 min(-1)). The maximum enzyme activity from microbial fermenters was 2.37-fold higher than activity from T-flask in our previous work. The infection efficiency of transfected cells was 78%-81% in the 1.5-L and 3-L fermenters