Perkembangan dan Perubahan Huruf Tionghoa 汉字的å‘展与å˜è¿

Makalah ini menjabarkan perkembangan dan perubahan huruf Tionghoa yang unik. Bentuk huruf Tionghoayang paling awal ditemukan pada zaman akhir dinasti Shang殷商yang dinamakan huruf jiÇŽgÇ”wén甲骨文. Huruf jiÇŽgÇ”wén甲骨文ini ditulis pada kulit tempurung kura-kura, dan kemudian mengalami perkembangan dan menjadi bentuk huruf yang dinamakan jÄ«nwén金文pada awal dinasti Zhou 周, ditulis pada tembaga dengan kuas berbulu sehingga bentuknya alamiah dan lebih rapi. Pada zaman dinasti Qín秦, huruf Tionghoa mengalami perubahan menjadi bentuk huruf yang dinamakan dàzhuàn大篆, ditulis pada batu berbentuk tambur dan bentuk hurufnya lebih rapi. Setelah dinasti Qin mempersatukan negara Tiongkok saat itu, menghapuskan jenis-jenis huruf Tionghoa dari enam negara zaman sebelumnya, sehingga terbentuklah bentuk huruf Tionghoa yang dinamakan xiÇŽozhuànå°ç¯†, menjadi awal terjadinya standardisasi huruf Tionghoa. Pada era dinasti Hàn汉 huruf xiÇŽozhuànå°ç¯† ini mengalami perubahan bentuk lagi menjadi huruf yang dinamakan lìshū隶书 yang ditulis berdasarkan guratan, sehingga memiliki jenis guratan seperti huruf Tionghoa yang digunakan sekarang. Huruf Tionghoa terus mengalami proses penyesuaian terhadap politik masyarakat, Huruf Tionghoa bentuk yang disederhanakan yang sekarang digunakanpun oleh negara Tiongkok masih mendapat banyak kritikan oleh rakyat Taiwan yang menghendaki bentuk huruf Tiongkok tanpa penyederhanaa

Adapted Words as a Window of Cultural Exchange between the Chinese and Others

This article will analyze Chinese words which are adapted from outside China together with Chinese words that has been adapted by other languages in order to determine the relation between corresponding states. The method uses a literature review, which is used first in finding and collecting adapted words from some reference books, and later in grouping the words based on their time. The result of the analization is that, despite the long historical time of Chinese language, the globalization has influences that led to the upcoming of many newly adapted word forms. These adapted words indicate the areas that have influenced them, namely in the fields of cluture, politics, and science. Regarding the structure, these adapted Chinese words could be in several forms: a full translation-sound, a mixture between translation sound and their original meanings, and a Chinese morphems which have similar meanings with the original words

THE SUCCESSION PROCESS AND TIMING IN TRANSFERRING BUSINESS OWNERSHIP AMONG CHINESE IN SURABAYA IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA

This research is investigating the succession process among the Chinese community in Surabaya, especially how it is happening and when it is time to hand over the business. The Chinese are well-known for their hard work and business minds. Therefore, many scholars are interested to study their entrepreneurial spirits and their managerial skills. Yet, the scholars are very seldom concentrating on the cultural background of the Chinese business minds, especially the overseas Chinese. In Surabaya, the Chinese are the backbones of the business activities, with business ownership transferred over generations. Using the descriptive qualitative approach, this research focuses on digging information using in-depth interviews from qualified respondents. The thinking of Taoism is used to study the cultural background of the Chinese businessmen. The findings of this research fall into two succession processes: (1) some successors start to get involved in the business as early as their childhood, and (2) some successors are sent to obtain a formal, as high as possible, education degree before they are involved in their family business. The time when the parents hand over the business is varied among respondents

Acculturation Chinese Symbol on Madura Batik Motif

Page Header Logo Asian Social Science User Username Password Remember me Journal Content Search Search Scope Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals Font Size Make font size smaller Make font size default Make font size larger Information For Readers For Authors For Librarians Current Issue Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo Home About Login Register Search Current Archives Announcements Recruitment Editorial Team Submissions Index Contact Other Journals Publisher Home > Vol 12, No 4 (2016) > Karsono Acculturation Chinese Symbol on Madura Batik Motif Ong Mia Farao Karsono, Lintu Tulistyantoro Abstract This study has two chief purposes. Firstly, to introduce the Madurese Batik from Indonesia which has not yet been widely studied, and secondly, to show the acculturation of the Chinese culture in the motif of Madurese Batik. Research method employed in this study was descriptive qualitative, because our topic involves cultural and humanity sciences. The writers interview batik makers from the towns of Pamekasan, Tanjung Bumi, Sumenep, and Sampang, as research informants. We take two batik makers as representatives of each town. The four towns are selected because those towns are the centers of batik in Madura. To crosscheck the information obtained from the batik makers, also interview two collectors of Madurese batik who have good knowledge of Madurese batik. The data from the interviews and the photographic documentation of Madurese batiks are sorted and then analyzed by relating them to the theories about Madurese culture, acculturation process, and Chinese culture. The discussions and conclusions of the analyses correspond with the hypotheses proposed at the beginning of the study, which states that there are acculturations of the symbols on Madurese Batik motifs, which can be seen in the paintings of phoenix, butterfly, fish, bamboo trees on the batik, and that the acculturation process occurs naturally without conscious knowledge of the Madurese

The philosophy in the motives of classikcal hand-drawn madurese batik

The aim of this paper is to uncover of the philosophy contained in the main motive and the background motive of Madurese classical hand-drawn batik. This paper use qualitative descriptive method, in which the researchers act as reseach instrument by interviewing batik craftsmen, which include Pamekasan batik, Tanjung Bumi batik, Sumenep batik and Sampang batik. Data analysis is performed by inspecting the motives from batik photographs displayed in their galleries, and relating it to the result of the interviews and written theories. Findings and discussions reveal that the main classical batik motives of “sabet rante” and “bamboo” contain the moral philosophy about the tradition of proposing to the bride and of living courageously. While the beras tompa (spilled-rice) and panji susi (swastika) background motives in Madurese batik contain the philosophy about thrifty and balanced living

Evolusion and Gender Bias Reflected in Chinese Characters

Evolution of Chinese characters besides the form of its streaks, also occur in change and meaning of vocabulary. Vocabulary containing radical women which is expressed with the pictograph #22899 n#474 contained a lot of negative meanings, so it is very interesting to study the gender bias. To analyze the evolution of the character content and gender bias in Chinese characters, an analytical literature method was used. Results of the analysis found that Chinese characters contain a high philosophy. By seeing the form of the characters we are already aware of the culture reflected in the nation. Besides that many Chinese characters used „woman#8223 radical with a derogative meaning, showing that the time these characters were created, the woman position of women were regarded lower than men. In simplification of the character streaks it was found that some negative meaning characters no longer contain the „woman radical#8223, marking a change in the view about women, but the percentage is still small

Problematic Grammar of Chinese Sentences Faced by Students Having Indonesian as Their Mother Tongue

This paper examine the grammatical problems faced by Surabaya students having Indonesian as their mother tongue when constructing Chinese sentences. A qualitative descriptive method consisting test materials made by 30 students learning Chinese as a second language was used. Some grammatical errors in the Chinese sentences were found. Problematic in writing Chinese sentences consists of: sequence errors of place and time determinant words; grammatical errors about the Modifier and Head norm in arranging words; errors using the three kinds of words de, “的de”, “得de”, and “地de”. All these errors were influenced by their Indonesian mother language, while in arranging Chinese sentences, it was also interferences by the English grammatical norm to be. To overcome these problematics, the best solution is using contrasive analyses, which expose the differences between these two languages, and thereby clarify the point of differences. Key words: Problematic Grammar error Chinese Indonesia

Juncture Patterns of the Surabaya-citizen’s Speech

In this paper, the researcher examines juncture patterns of Chinese language of Surabaya citizens who do not use Bahasa or Indonesian language as their mother tongue. The purpose is to see whether juncture patterns of local citizens can resemble the native speakers. The method that is used here is qualitative approach. The research on these juncture patterns is expected to contribute to the pattern map of the Surabaya citizen‟s speech in order to develop the Phonology Theory of Juncture. Based on the analysis of ten respondents, producing nine declarative sentences, seven interrogative sentences, six imperative sentences, and four exclamatory sentences, juncture patterns happen sometimes after a subject, after a predicate, between two words, and sometimes between two syllables within a word. Juncture happens before a word when the word is emphasized. The second finding is that juncture between syllables in a word is not always shorter than the one that happens between two words. The last finding is that there are two kinds of juncture, stopping and continuing juncture

Dialogic Elements of Bakhtin in the Novel Siddhartha

This article analyzes the voices of the characters which are intertwining into dialogic forms. The voices did not demonstrate its own power, but rather let other voices have its own characteristic while remaining there until the end of the story. For example, Siddharthas parents voices remained a Brahmin . Govinda’s voice remained a Samana . Mikhail Bakhtin called such characteristic dialogue as Internally Persuasive Discourse . Apparently this novel is loaded full of Bakhtins carnival behavior, because the composition and the plot of the story, or the position of the author as well as the dialogue, a hallmark of Socratic Dialogue or Menippean Satire . Unveiling Bakhtin’s carnival stage, a variety of scandals, eccentric behaviors, ethic violations, sharp contrasts appear. The polyphony nature in this novel is in the form of counterpoint models voices intertwined together without negating each other, similar to the Weltemperklavier by Johan Sebastian Bach in the Baroque music era

SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN EARLY CHILD’S DISCOURSE

This article has a purpose to examine some of their hypotheses about Appearance versus Function, Over Extension and Grammatic Relation in the early discourse of Indonesian children. Method of obtaining the discourse is by showing selected pictures to children aged two to eight years and documented the discourse for analyses. Results show that a great proportion conform the hypotheses. Three new phenomenas were found in Indonesian children’s speech the children were more able to say passive verb phrases rather than active verb phrases. Children after the age of five years were able to distinguish the situation of objects by using the conjunction of being or then, and children before the age of five years are not able to combine two objects in the pictures with the word and