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The Suppression of Radiation Reaction and Laser Field Depletion in Laser-Electron beam interaction
The effects of radiation reaction (RR) have been studied extensively by using
the ultraintense laser interacts with the counter-propagating relativistic
electron. At the laser intensity at the order of W/cm, the
effects of RR are significant in a few laser period for a relativistic
electron. However, the laser at such intensity is tightly focused and the laser
energy is usually assumed to be fixed. Then, the signal of RR and energy
conservation cannot be guaranteed. To assess the effects of RR in a tightly
focused laser pulse and the evolution of the laser energy, we simulate this
interaction with a beam of electrons by means of Particle-in-Cell (PIC)
method. We observed that the effects of RR are suppressed due to the
ponderomotive force and accompanied by a non-negligible amount of laser field
energy reduction. This is due to the ponderomotive force that prevents the
electrons from approaching the center of the laser pulse and leads to the
interaction at weaker field region. At the same time, the laser energy is
absorbed through ponderomotive acceleration. Thus, the kinetic energy of the
electron beam has to be carefully selected such that the effects of RR become
obvious.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Reply to ``Comment on `Insulating Behavior of -DNA on the Micron Scale' "
In our experiment, we found that the resistance of vacuum-dried -DNA
exceeds at 295 K. Bechhoefer and Sen have raised a number of
objections to our conclusion. We provide counter arguments to support our
original conclusion.Comment: 1 page reply to comment, 1 figur
Kinetic Equation for a Plasma and Its Application to High-frequency Conductivity
Kinetic equation for inhomogenious nonisotropic plasma and application to high frequency conductivit
Ferromagnetism below 10 K in Mn doped BiTe
Ferromagnetism is observed below 10 K in [Bi0.75Te0.125Mn0.125]Te. This
material has the BiTe structure, which is made from the stacking of two
Te-Bi-Te-Bi-Te blocks and one Bi-Bi block per unit cell. Crystal structure
analysis shows that Mn is localized in the Bi2 blocks, and is accompanied by an
equal amount of TeBi anti-site occupancy in the Bi2Te3 blocks. These TeBi
anti-site defects greatly enhance the Mn solubility. This is demonstrated by
comparison of the [Bi1-xMnx]Te and [Bi1-2xTexMnx]Te series; in the former, the
solubility is limited to x = 0.067, while the latter has xmax = 0.125. The
magnetism in [Bi1-xMnx]Te changes little with x, while that for
[Bi1-2xTexMnx]Te shows a clear variation, leading to ferromagnetism for x >
0.067. Magnetic hysteresis and the anomalous Hall Effect are observed for the
ferromagnetic samples.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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