Nutrient deficiency in vegetarianism in children

The bachelor thesis deals with nutrient deficiencies in vegetarianism in children. This topic is becoming more and more important, because at present an ever increasing proportion eats in this manner. However, it is important to realize that this diet brings various risks in addition to all the effects that have a positive influence on organism. Especially during growth and evolution of young organism and groups of infants, young children and adolescents are threatened most. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to find out which nutrients are in deficiency in vegetarianism in children. There were two research questions formulated: "What nutrients are in deficiency in children, who eat a vegetarian diet?" and "What leads childern to eating a vegetarian diet?" The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of basic concepts such as vegetarianism and its distribution. It also deals with the risks and preferences of this manner of eating and the problem of the lack of macro and micro nutrients. The practical part was processed using qualitative reseach. The focus group was consisted of 4 children. It was necessary to obtain for the reseach fourteen-day diet records from the children and provide blood sample. Nutrients were found in the blood samples, i. e. the nutrients that are in deficiency, and the diet records were further calculated in the Nutriservis program. The results of the survey are presented in charts and in textual evalution. The reseach shows that in vegetarianism we can find some nutrients in deficiency in all of my respondents and there is a need to increase awareness of that issue

Limiting factors of currently possibilities of bull spermcells cryoconservation

Artificial insemination is a reproductive biotechnology method that has been used, especially in dairy cattle breeding. Mostly, cryopreserved insemination doses has been used and, consequently, their quality plays important role in the success of fertillization. However, during cryoconservation spermatozoa are exposed to stressful effects. Constantly, there are efforts to improve cryoconservation protocols and thus higher quality of spermatozoa after thawing. This could be reached by modification of composition of semen extenders which ensure protection of spermatozoa during cryoconservation. The egg yolk extenders are often used, however, they represent specific risks. Soybean lecithin-based extenders represent an alternative, but there has been discussion about their cryoprotective efficacy in comparison to egg yolk extenders. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), as a cryoprotective substance of egg yolk, can replace it in extenders. However, there is no information about possible effect of LDL on improvement of cryoprotective properties of the soybean lecithin-based extenders. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of LDL addition to this type of extenders on qualitative parameters of spermatozoa after thawing. Preliminary results of sperm motility and viability evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis and fluorescent technique, respectively, showed effect of LDL, however with variability between different extenders. Following experiments are performed to determine optimal concentration of LDL and its effect on others parameters of spermatozoa after thawing

Dextran polysaccharides and seminal plasma proteins in boar sperm cryopreservation

The unique design of a methodical approach to testing cryoprotective components will be used in specialized research institutes or universities, including commercial development bodies in the field of animal reproductive biotechnology. The methodology includes a completely detailed and unique protocol based on many years of experience in the field of proteomics and can be used for further progress testing cryoprotectants for breeding programs of individual species or livestock breeds as regards the importance of retention of genetic resources.\n\

How to Increase Post-Thaw Semen Quality in Poor Freezing Stallions: Preliminary Results of the Promising Role of Seminal Plasma Added after Thawing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two types of seminal plasma (SP) after thawing on the functional characteristics of frozen–thawed (F–T) spermatozoa of poor freezing stallions during prolonged incubation periods. Seminal plasma from stallions with 35–40% (standard seminal plasma, (S-SP)) and 60–70% (above standard seminal plasma, (A-SP)) progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing was used. The motility, kinematic parameters (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis), distribution of spermatozoa into subpopulations, integrity (carboxyfluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining), and functionality (hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test) of the spermatozoa plasma membrane were evaluated after thawing (T0) and after 30 min (T30) of incubation at 37 °C. There was no effect of SP addition on spermatozoa motility, but there was a significant positive effect on the kinematic parameters at T0 and T30. The addition of SP significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa in the fast subpopulation at T0 as well as at T30. Plasma membrane integrity was not affected by the treatment, but functionality significantly decreased by 5% compared to the control group when samples were incubated for 30 min with A-SP. In conclusion, generally, the post-thaw addition of seminal plasma positively affected the post-thaw quality of semen from poor freezing stallions

The Quality of Frozen-thawed Canine Semen With Respect to Semen Extender Composition and Sequence of Ejaculate Collection in Dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clarified egg yolk addition to semen extender, and the semen collection sequence on the quality of frozen-thawed semen in dogs. Semen was collected from 6 dogs in a time interval of 24 hours. As parameter of the quality of frozen-thawed (F-T) semen, the motility by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and plasma membrane integrity by hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS) were evaluated. All kinematic parameters of sperm motility were higher in F-T samples containing the whole in comparison to the clarified egg yolk. The sequence of semen collection affected sperm movement characteristics of native as well as F-T semen, but it was not possible to determine whether the fresh semen from the 1st or 2nd collection is of higher quality. All motility parameters of sperms frozen with extender containing the whole egg yolk were significantly higher in the case of the 2nd collection. The situation was not so clear in the case of clarified egg yolk addition, but the velocity values were higher in F-T samples from the 2nd collection. In contrast to proven differences in motility, the effect of the addition of clarified egg yolk and the sequence of semen collection were not projected at all on the quality of plasma membrane of canine sperms evaluated by HOS test

Effect of LDL Addition Into Selected Bull Sperm Diluters on Resistance of Spermatozoa Against Cold Shock

The aim of work was to determine the effect of LDL cholesterol addition into selected diluters on the resistance of spermatozoa against cold shock and on their short-term survivability during cold test. The hypothesis was that the addition of LDL cholesterol will positively affects sperm resistance to cold shock and ensures a higher survivability of spermatozoa during short-term cold survival test. Four bulls of different breeds and ages, from the same sire insemination center were used. A total of eight semen collections were processed. Each ejaculate was divided into 6 portions (3 controls and 3 samples). Three commercially produced diluters, AndroMed®, Bioxcell®, and Triladyl® were used, each in standard and LDL enriched variants. In the case of AndroMed® or Bioxcell®, 6% of LDL was simply added. In Triladyl®, 10% of LDL replaced the standard egg yolk component. Spermatozoa resistance to cold shock was evaluated by the percentage of live sperm using Eosin-Nigrosine staining. The results showed the influence of bull individuality as an important factor. It is possible to recommend Bioxcell® with addition of LDL cholesterol in 6% concentration, which survivability was 69.17% at the beginning of the test, and 52.94% after 2 hours of incubation

Effect of bull, diluter and LDL-cholesterol concentration on spermatozoa resistance against cold shock

The objectives of this study were to determine and evaluate the effect of bull, diluter and addition of LDL in different concentration on the percentage rate of spermatozoa survival after cold shock. In total, four bulls were collected during a period of eight weeks. A total of 8 samples of fresh semen with required quality were processed. Three extenders were used for dilution of each sample; AndroMed®, Bioxcell® and Triladyl®, each in standard and LDL enriched variants. In the case of AndroMed® and Bioxcell®, 4, 6 and 8% of LDL were simply added. In Triladyl®, 6, 8 and 10% of LDL replaced the standard egg yolk component. Resistance of spermatozoa against cold shock (0 °C, 10 minutes) was evaluated by the percentage rate of live sperm using Eosin-Nigrosine staining immediately and 2 hours after heat incubation (37 °C). The results showed the influence of bull individuality as an important factor. Among diluters used it is possible to recommend AndroMed® and Bioxcell® due to significantly (P < 0.01) lower decline of live sperm proportion during the cold shock test than Triladyl® (-9.19, respectively -4.95%). The optimal LDL concentration increasing resistance of spermatozoa against cold shock was not determined, therefore subsequent research is necessary