Analysis of competitive strategies of startups under conditions of global challenges

The paper identifies the main differences between a start-up company and a traditional enterprise and identifies the features of their competitive strategies. The main aspects of determining the development strategy of start-up competitive advantages based on economic and mathematical modeling are considered. On the example of the start-up project “Multiservice of Intelligent Management of Finances and Needsa”, the task of which is to create a new model of human behavior independent of the money factor and create an environment of internal incentives for the individual that contribute to the creative solution of certain tasks, the developed model was tested. The proposed integrated approach to assessing economic efficiency is relevant in the context of the formation of an innovative environment for the development of start-ups and allows creating competitive advantages.У статті визначено основні відмінності між стартовою компанією та традиційним підприємством та визначено особливості їх конкурентних стратегій. Розглянуто основні аспекти визначення стратегії розвитку стартових конкурентних переваг на основі економіко-математичного моделювання. На прикладі стартового проекту «Мультисервіс інтелектуального управління фінансами та Needsa», завданням якого є створення нової моделі поведінки людини, незалежної від грошового фактору, та створення середовища внутрішніх стимулів для особи, які сприяють до творчого вирішення певних завдань була випробувана розроблена модель. Запропонований комплексний підхід до оцінки економічної ефективності є актуальним в контексті формування інноваційного середовища для розвитку стартапів та дозволяє створити конкурентні переваги.В статье определяются основные различия между начинающей компанией и традиционным предприятием, а также определяются особенности их конкурентных стратегий. Рассмотрены основные аспекты определения стратегии развития стартовых конкурентных преимуществ на основе экономико-математического моделирования. На примере стартап-проекта «Мультисервис интеллектуального управления финансами и потребностями», задачей которого является создание новой модели поведения человека, независимой от денежного фактора, и создание среды внутренних стимулов для личности, способствующих Для творческого решения определенных задач разработанная модель была опробована. Предлагаемый комплексный подход к оценке экономической эффективности актуален в контексте формирования инновационной среды для развития стартапов и позволяет создавать конкурентные преимущества

Loss of coherence in dynamical networks: spatial chaos and chimera states

We discuss the breakdown of spatial coherence in networks of coupled oscillators with nonlocal interaction. By systematically analyzing the dependence of the spatio-temporal dynamics on the range and strength of coupling, we uncover a dynamical bifurcation scenario for the coherence-incoherence transition which starts with the appearance of narrow layers of incoherence occupying eventually the whole space. Our findings for coupled chaotic and periodic maps as well as for time-continuous R\"ossler systems reveal that intermediate, partially coherent states represent characteristic spatio-temporal patterns at the transition from coherence to incoherence.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Collaborative research: ITR: global multi-scale kinetic simulations of the earth's magnetosphere using parallel discrete event simulation

Issued as final reportNational Science Foundation (U.S.

Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes: A systematic analysis of alternative solutions in enzyme evolution

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Evolutionarily unrelated proteins that catalyze the same biochemical reactions are often referred to as analogous - as opposed to homologous - enzymes. The existence of numerous alternative, non-homologous enzyme isoforms presents an interesting evolutionary problem; it also complicates genome-based reconstruction of the metabolic pathways in a variety of organisms. In 1998, a systematic search for analogous enzymes resulted in the identification of 105 Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers that included two or more proteins without detectable sequence similarity to each other, including 34 EC nodes where proteins were known (or predicted) to have distinct structural folds, indicating independent evolutionary origins. In the past 12 years, many putative non-homologous isofunctional enzymes were identified in newly sequenced genomes. In addition, efforts in structural genomics resulted in a vastly improved structural coverage of proteomes, providing for definitive assessment of (non)homologous relationships between proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report the results of a comprehensive search for non-homologous isofunctional enzymes (NISE) that yielded 185 EC nodes with two or more experimentally characterized - or predicted - structurally unrelated proteins. Of these NISE sets, only 74 were from the original 1998 list. Structural assignments of the NISE show over-representation of proteins with the TIM barrel fold and the nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold. From the functional perspective, the set of NISE is enriched in hydrolases, particularly carbohydrate hydrolases, and in enzymes involved in defense against oxidative stress.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that at least some of the non-homologous isofunctional enzymes were recruited relatively recently from enzyme families that are active against related substrates and are sufficiently flexible to accommodate changes in substrate specificity.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article was reviewed by Andrei Osterman, Keith F. Tipton (nominated by Martijn Huynen) and Igor B. Zhulin. For the full reviews, go to the Reviewers' comments section.</p

Accelerating Particle-in-Cell Kinetic Plasma Simulations via Reduced-Order Modeling of Space-Charge Dynamics using Dynamic Mode Decomposition

We present a data-driven reduced-order modeling of the space-charge dynamics for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EMPIC) plasma simulations based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The dynamics of the charged particles in kinetic plasma simulations such as EMPIC is manifested through the plasma current density defined on the edges of the spatial mesh. We showcase the efficacy of DMD in modeling the time evolution of current density through a low-dimensional feature space. Not only do such DMD-based predictive reduced-order models help accelerate EMPIC simulations, they also have the potential to facilitate investigative analysis and control applications. We demonstrate the proposed DMD-EMPIC scheme for reduced-order modeling of current density, and speed-up in EMPIC simulations involving electron beams under the influence of magnetic fields and virtual cathode oscillations

Electron Acceleration by Magnetosheath Jet-Driven Bow Waves

Magnetosheath jets are localized fast flows with enhanced dynamic pressure. When they supermagnetosonically compress the ambient magnetosheath plasma, a bow wave or shock can form ahead of them. Such a bow wave was recently observed to accelerate ions and possibly electrons. The ion acceleration process was previously analyzed, but the electron acceleration process remains largely unexplored. Here we use multipoint observations by Time History of Events and Macroscale during Substorms from three events to determine whether and how magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves can accelerate electrons. We show that when suprathermal electrons in the ambient magnetosheath convect toward a bow wave, some electrons are shock-drift accelerated and reflected toward the ambient magnetosheath and others continue moving downstream of the bow wave resulting in bidirectional motion. Our study indicates that magnetosheath jet-driven bow waves can result in additional energization of suprathermal electrons in the magnetosheath. It implies that magnetosheath jets can increase the efficiency of electron acceleration at planetary bow shocks or other similar astrophysical environments

THEMIS Observations of Particle Acceleration by a Magnetosheath Jet-Driven Bow Wave

Localized magnetosheath jets with high dynamic pressure are frequently observed downstream of Earth's bow shock. When such a fast magnetosheath jet compresses the ambient magnetosheath plasma, an earthward compressional bow wave could form. Such bow waves have been predicted by simulations but have never been observed. Using multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substroms (THEMIS) observations, we report the first observation where such a bow wave driven by an intrinsically formed magnetosheath jet can reflect and accelerate particles up to tens of kiloelectron volt for ions and 100 keV for electrons. By analyzing the ion distributions, we infer how particles reach the spacecraft from the bow wave demonstrating good agreement with our model of single particle motion. Our study implies that particle acceleration at magnetosheath jets could contribute significantly to particle acceleration at shocks in general