Algorithm as a problem solving technique for teaching and learning of the Malay language

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using scratch program to teach Malay language subject. 32, 4th year students in a primary school of Seremban district participated in the study. A case study was used. The teachers teach Malay subjects using scratch programs with the theme of agriculture and title of food product from agriculture. The students were to arrange the basic words into grammatical sentences based on the scratch program and write a cake recipe using an algorithmic technique, a series of instructions contained in the scratch program. This conceptual teaching and learning algorithm was conducted in five steps namely the induction set; step 1; step 2; step 3; and enrichment and recovery. Students could understand the concepts of algorithms taught and did not require recovery activities. This implies that the algorithm concept of how to prepare a cake through a scratch program has been fully understood by the students. Students are also excited about the algorithmic techniques and the scratch program generated. They remain focused throughout the session which shows that the use of algorithms and scratch programs is better than conventional methods in teaching the Malay Language

Utilizing cerlis model in improving creative writing skills

The objectives of this paper were to identify the effectiveness of Cerlis Model in assisting teachers to improve students’ creative writing skills such as descriptive and imaginative essays and to analyze whether the model can improve students’ ways of expressing and organizing ideas in composing essays accurately. Samples consisted of 5 students from a primary school in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. This study was conducted using a narrative qualitative approach through observation, questionnaire survey and document analysis and the results were reported using relevant tables, photos, and visual graphics. The study focused on students that lack ideas in producing creative essays such as descriptive and imaginative types. The results yielded that the Cerlis Model was able to create fun in learning and generate a high confidence level in producing ideas for essay writing. Indeed, Cerlis Model is able to increase students’ interests in writing essays and their comprehension level. This study also shows that games are generating students’ ideas for composing descriptive and imaginative essays

Teaching business in Malaysia and the use of PBL to nurture students’ critical thinking: a case study of Sultan Idris Education University

PBL gained considerable attention from teaching and learning theorists, educators, policy makers and researchers, as learning is thought to involve not only knowing how to do things effectively but more importantly, the ability to deal with novelty and to grow our capacity in order to adapt, select and shape our interactions with the environment.The aims of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is to foster students’ active learning, as opposed to passive learning experiences typically occurring in lectures. This study focused on the PBL methodology and Critical Thinking (CT) skills. It employed a quasi-experimental design, where 45 students undertaking a B. Ed (Economics) at Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) were randomly assigned as experimental (n=23) and control groups (n=22). The former were instructed using the PBL method while the control group used the traditional learning method. The analysis focused on comparing the PBL with traditional learning groups in respect of their CT skills (Inductive, Deductive, Analysis, Inference and Evaluation and Total CT), as measured by the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. The results showed that there was no significant group difference in overall test scores at pre-test and midintervention test. However, differences were found at post-test with respect to the Inductive and Analysis subscales. Implications of the study relate to the imperative of a whole PBL programme approach to foster and enhance students’ critical thinking rather than by delivery via a single course. In other words, UPSI needs to turn their focus to enquiry-based learning, including PBL, hands-on learning, problem solving skills as well as creative and CT skills

أثر قاعدة التأسيس أولى من التأكيد في بناء المعنى التفسيري - دراسة تفسيرية تطبيقية- The Effect of “the Foundation is More Important than Emphasizing” in the Construction of the Explanatory Meaning: An Applied Explanatory Study

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن كيفية تعامل المفسرين مع قاعدة التأسيس أولى من التأكيد، موافقة أو مخالفة للقاعدة مع الوقوف على الأسباب التي دعتهم لهذه المخالفة. وقام الباحثان باستقراء عدد من الآيات التي وقف عندها بعض المفسرين وتحليل استنباطاتهم وبيان ما يتفق منها مع القاعدة وما يخالفها مستخدمين المنهج الاستدلالي الترجيحي. ومن أهم النتائج التي خلصت إليها الدراسة أن العمل بالقاعدة لا يقف عند آيات الأحكام، بل يشمل آيات القصص وآيات دلائل القدرة وغيرها. ومنها أن بعض المفسرين رجح ما لا يتفق والقاعدة لاعتبارات متعددة بينتها الدراسة، منها ثبوت حديث صحيح أو سبب نزول صحيح يرجح معنى يخالف القاعدة، ومنها اعتماد بعض المفسرين على القراءات الشاذة في تقرير معنى يخالف القاعدة. الكلمات المفتاحية: التأسيس، التأكيد، أصول الفقه، تفسير القرآن. This study aims to explore the way interpreters use the rule of “the foundation is more important than emphasizing,” whether confirming or validating it, highlighting the causes of such violation. The researchers extrapolated a number of verses that some interpreters stopped at, analyzed their deductions, and indicated what is consistent with the rule and what contradicts it, using the weighted inferential approach. One of the most important findings of the study is that applying the rule does not stop at the verses of rulings, but rather includes the verses of stories and the verses of evidence of power, among others. Among them is that some interpreters gave preference to what does not agree with the rule due to various considerations showed in the study, including the proof of a true hadith or the reason for an authentic revelation that favors a meaning that contradicts the rule, and among them is the reliance of some interpreters on abnormal readings in determining a meaning that contradicts the rule. Keywords: Foundation, Confirmation, Principles of Jurisprudence, Interpretation of The Holy Qur\u27an

Algorithm as a problem solving technique for teaching and learning of the Malay language

Computational thinking or CT refers to the thought processes involved in expressing solutions as computational steps or algorithms that can be carried out by a computer. CT is not merely using software or computer programs alone but is also interlinked with information and communication technology (ICT) and computer science based on problems; tools; action (praxis); solutions; concepts; and social needs. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using scratch program to teach Malay language subject. As part of the methodology, 32, 4th year students in a primary school of Seremban district participated in the study. A case study was used. The teachers teach Malay language subject using scratch programs with the theme of agriculture and title of food product from agriculture. The students were to arrange the basic words into grammatical sentences based on the scratch program and write a cake recipe using an algorithmic technique, a series of instructions contained in the scratch program. This conceptual teaching and learning algorithm was conducted in five steps namely the induction set; step 1; step 2; step 3; and enrichment and recovery. The result of this study shows that students could understand the concepts of algorithms taught and did not require recovery activities. This implies that the algorithm concept of how to prepare a cake through a scratch program has been fully understood by the students. Students are also excited about the algorithmic techniques and the scratch program generated. As a conclusion, the student's reaction as they remain focused throughout the session shows that the use of algorithms and scratch programs is better than conventional methods in teaching the Malay Language

Algorithm As A Problem Solving Technique For Teaching And Learning Of The Malay Language

Computational thinking or CT refers to the thought processes involved in expressing solutions as computational steps or algorithms that can be carried out by a computer. CT is not merely using software or computer programs alone but is also interlinked with information and communication technology (ICT) and computer science based on problems; tools; action (praxis); solutions; concepts; and social needs. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using scratch program to teach Malay language subject. As part of the methodology, 32, 4th year students in a primary school of Seremban district participated in the study. A case study was used. The teachers teach Malay language subject using scratch programs with the theme of agriculture and title of food product from agriculture. The students were to arrange the basic words into grammatical sentences based on the scratch program and write a cake recipe using an algorithmic technique, a series of instructions contained in the scratch program. This conceptual teaching and learning algorithm was conducted in five steps namely the induction set; step 1; step 2; step 3; and enrichment and recovery. The result of this study shows that students could understand the concepts of algorithms taught and did not require recovery activities. This implies that the algorithm concept of how to prepare a cake through a scratch program has been fully understood by the students. Students are also excited about the algorithmic techniques and the scratch program generated. As a conclusion, the student's reaction as they remain focused throughout the session shows that the use of algorithms and scratch programs is better than conventional methods in teaching the Malay Languag

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as the first presentation of CNS tuberculosis: report of a case with brief review

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) also known as post infectious encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurological symptoms and disability. It may follow vaccination in children or infection. Viral infection like measles, rubella, influenza, Epstein bar, HIV, herpes, cytomegalusvirus (CMV) and West Nile virus have been implicated in the causation. Among bacteria, group A hemolytic streptococcus, mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia, Rickettesia and leptospira have been shown to cause ADEM. There are few reports of ADEM due to tuberculosis (TB). We describe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis due to tuberculosis in a 35 year old female who initially started with neuropsychiatric manifestations and later developed florid neurological deficit and classical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions suggestive of the disease. The patient recovered completely after antitubercular therapy and is following our clinic for the last 12 months now

Cost-Effectiveness of Automated Digital Microscopy for Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Automated digital microscopy has the potential to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in settings where molecular testing is too expensive to perform routinely. The cost-effectiveness of TB diagnostic algorithms using automated digital microscopy remains uncertain. METHODS: Using data from a demonstration study of an automated digital microscopy system (TBDx, Applied Visual Systems, Inc.), we performed an economic evaluation of TB diagnosis in South Africa from the health system perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost per new TB diagnosis made. We considered costs and effectiveness of different algorithms for automated digital microscopy, including as a stand-alone test and with confirmation of positive results with Xpert MTB/RIF ('Xpert', Cepheid, Inc.). Results were compared against both manual microscopy and universal Xpert testing. RESULTS: In settings willing to pay $2000 per incremental TB diagnosis, universal Xpert was the preferred strategy. However, where resources were not sufficient to support universal Xpert, and a testing volume of at least 30 specimens per day could be ensured, automated digital microscopy with Xpert confirmation of low-positive results could facilitate the diagnosis of 79-84$1280 per incremental TB diagnosis (95% uncertainty range, UR: $340-$3440) in the base case, but improved under conditions likely reflective of many settings in sub-Saharan Africa: $677 per diagnosis (95$450-$935) when sensitivity of manual smear microscopy was lowered to 0.5, and$956 per diagnosis (95% UR: $40-$2910) when the prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB was lowered to 1%. CONCLUSIONS: Although universal Xpert testing is the preferred algorithm for TB diagnosis when resources are sufficient, automated digital microscopy can identify the majority of cases and halve the cost of diagnosis and treatment when resources are more scarce and multidrug-resistant TB is not common

A case study of social media addiction among Malaysians

Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are nowadays a common medium of communication which is often the choice of every segment of society from different age levels. This situation has led many to become addicted to social media. Social media addiction refers to compulsive and excessive use of social media even when the use of those platforms is taking over one’s life and has a negative impact on real-life and relationships. Therefore, this study was conducted by identifying two objectives which are to identify the causes of social media use and to analyze the effects of social media addiction among Malaysians. The research methodology used was qualitative analysis by applying the library method and reading and referencing from previous studies such as journals, theses, articles, papers, and websites related to the subject of the study. The results show that Malaysians are addicted to social media due to a lack of self-discipline, easy access to the Internet, influential peers, and economic market conditions. These causes lead to a domino effect, which will impact our physical health, social interaction, education, and employment. This paper also suggests improvements and actions that could be taken to curb the problem and thus provide alternatives to manage the issue