The Enforcement Strategy in The Sabah Maju Jaya (SMJ) Policy towards Achieving Sustainable Growth for Sabahans

World economic growth, which is increasingly declining due to the impact of the COVID-19 controversy, has caused the Sabah State Government to launch the Sabah Maju Jaya (SMJ) Policy Development Plan on 29 March 2021 as one of the efforts to deal with this issue. Among the sectors given focus in the SMJ Plan are the development of human capital, economy and social well-being in Sabah. This is because, through the development of human capital, the economy and the sustainability of the people's well-being, it is believed to be able to produce people who are creative, critical and competitive for the needs of the present and the future immediately guaranteeing the sustainability of the country's economy. The qualitative research methods used in this study are a literature review and structured interviews. Among the informants are the Yang Berhormat Dato’ Ir. Shahelmy bin Yahya, who is Deputy Chief Minister III of Sabah. Professor Dr. Sity Daud is the Deputy Dean of Networking and Alumni at the National University of Malaysia and Professor Madya Datuk Ts. Dr. Ramzah Dambul is the Chief Executive Officer of the Sabah Development Research Institute (IDS), who is directly involved in contributing ideas, reviewing, proposing and analyzing policies and development frameworks in Malaysia and Sabah. Thus, this study was synthesized to identify the factors contributing to the well-being of the people in the state of Sabah to achieve the direction set in the SMJ Plan. The results of descriptive analysis and interviews with three informants found that there are three factors that affect the well-being of the people of Sabah, namely the issue of human capital, the income gap and the lack of facilities and infrastructure in the state. Therefore, to ensure that the SMJ Plan can achieve the direction set, this study suggests that the focus for development in the state of Sabah needs to be implemented holistically, including urban and rural areas

An observational study of serum vitamin D levels in pregnancy complicated with spontaneous preterm birth.

This observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The eligible women were grouped into 3 arms after assessment of antenatal history, vitamin D level and bacterial vaginosis status. Women who continued their pregnancy till term were allocated as the control arm, whereas the preterm arm was further divided into pregnancies continued until term and those who delivered prematurely. The pregnancy and the neonatal outcomes were measured

Relationship between Landuse Type and Temperature in Tanjong Malim, Perak

The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between land use type and temperature in Tanjong Malim, Perak. Various analysis methodology have been examined to produce the relationship answer. One is correlation coefficient analysis. Beside that, GIS application is also used to produce temperature map. From the analysis done, they are several temperature variations detected in Tanjong Malim. Pearson correlation analysis is tested in three different situations namely average temperature for morning, noon and afternoon. Average temperature in the morning showed that the agriculture land use are with negative correlation value (r = -0.381), mean while average temperature in the noon showed the negative value for business and commercial land use (r = -0.541), and the average temperature for afternoon showed the positive value with residential area (r = 0.454). The negative value produced showed the flow of relationship is established within land use and temperature. The relationship between land use and temperature in Tanjong Malim is only at the level of medium high or very weak. There is no strong relationship between land use and temperature in Tanjong Malim. Urbanization is still low in this area and this does not affect the change and temperature variance in Tanjong Malim

The effect of metformin on the metabolic parameters in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

A total of 40 women with PCOS were recruited in this study. Baseline characteristics (menstrual history, hirsutism scoring (Ferriman Gallwey score), weight, body mass index (BMI), serum luteinizing hormone and follicule-stimulating hormone (LH:FSH) ratio, fasting glucose and fasting lipid profiles were assessed at pre and 3-months post metformin therapy

Collapsibility of PMMA based material in direct investment casting

Over recent years, the rapid growth of Additive manufacturing (AM) has benefits the Direct Investment Casting (DIC) process for intricate design in which significantly reduces the cost when associated with low volume production. Nevertheless, ceramic shells cracking has been recognized as critical problem when involved direct casting in which leads to incomplete collapsibility. Therefore, this study presents a numerical and experimental on poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) pattern collapsibility for investment casting process and the stress analysis study on the ceramic shells. Study revealed that there were significant average of 5.8 % reduction of stress between square and polygon patterns. This study was conducted to examine the collapsibility of AM materials in the IC process

Mechanical Properties Of Thixoformed Al-5Si Alloy Composite Reinforced By Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes And Alumina Powder

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) as reinforced particles in aluminium matrix composites have been an interesting exploration in recent years. Some research combined CNT with ceramic materials as dual reinforcements in the aluminium matrix to enhance further the mechanical strength of the composite. However, the effects of some fabrication processes on the tube structural integrity of CNT are rather limited. This study is to determine the effects of single and dual reinforcements in Al5Si alloy on the mechanical properties of the composites. The reinforcement particles were predistributed by using a ball milling process through powder metallurgy. The mixed was green compacted into a pallet form before injected into a molten Al5Si alloy matrix. The molten composite was stirred before pouring into a permanent mould via a cooling slope. Next, the cast billet was subjected to thixoforming and T6 heat treatment processes. According to the comparison results of the pre-distributed reinforcements, the integrity of CNT structure in dual reinforcements was destroyed due to excessive milling from Al2O3 particles. There was no significant change of microstructures evolution and grain sizes of both composites after the thixoforming and T6 heat treatment. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of single reinforcement obtained were 316 MPa, 347 MPa, and 13.3%, respectively and much superior than the dual reinforcements. These results show that maintaining the tube structure of CNT is very critical for mechanical strength enhancement through load transfer mechanism of the CNT-Al5Si alloy composit

Miniature parallel ECT: a preliminary study using comsol

The usage of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is not limited to the imaging of mixtures in process equipment, it also can be used to measure the concentration profiles of component, and in certain case ECT is being used to investigate the boundaries and phase sizes within vessels and pipelines. There are quite a number of type of ECT sensors such as circular structure, square structure, concentric -annulus and parallel structure which are used for particular applications. In this paper, a study was carried out in order to investigate the behavior of electric field on the miniature parallel ECT. Simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics are being done to study the effect of increasing the size of the test object and the effect of increasing the permittivity of the test object. The results show that (1) the electric field lines relatively follow the phantom shape corresponding to the increasing of the size of the phantom and (2) the electrical field lines seems to bend more around the when the permittivity increases. Presented simulations establish first step of investigation, however already proved its usefulness for ECT performance model validation

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN COMPARISON TO GNRH ANTAGONIST IN PREVENTING LH SURGE AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING OVULATION INDUCTION IN IVF-ICSI

Objective: To determine the efficacy of clomiphene citrate (CC) in preventing luteinizing hormone (LH) surge without adding gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist or GnRH agonist in stimulated first fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle by evaluating the outcome of oocytes and embryo quality. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Settings: Fertility Clinic registry at Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia. Patients: A total of 235 fresh stimulated ICSI cycle for patients aged 18-40 years old using clomiphene citrate plus gonadotropin (n=117) and GnRH antagonist plus gonadotropin (n=118) were studied. Intervention: Comparing two different ovarian stimulation protocol. Main outcome measure(s): Social economical demographic, ovarian stimulation response and laboratory outcome. Fertilization rate as our primary outcome and our secondary outcome were oocyte retrieval rate, mature oocyte rate and top quality embryo rate. Result(s):There were no difference in the demographic and hormonal characteristic of the study groups. The primary outcome of fertilization rate has significant difference with p value of 0.003; 73.2% for CC group and 64.2% for GnRH antagonist group. The secondary outcome of OR rate (78.4 + 17.6 VS 80.3 + 13.4, p=0.368), mature oocyte rate (85.2 + 19.0 VS 81.7 + 16.7, p=0.130) and top quality embryo rate (79.1 + 24.2 VS 75.8 + 21.9, p=0.178) were comparable between both groups. There were significant difference between the endometrial thickness on the day of trigger and OHSS risk among both groups (8.5 + 0.95 VS 9.4 + 1.1, p<0.001 and 12.8% VS 44.1% respectively). Discussion: Minimal stimulation protocol with CC and gonadotropin may be the answer to many infertile couples in need of IVF and yet having financial situation deterring them in attempting IVF treatment. GnRH antagonist could be safely replaced by CC by extending to 10 days as this protocol gives better primary outcome and comparable secondary outcomes with less OHSS. CC is recognized to induce thinning of endometrial lining and thus, may impair embryo implantation. However, with advancement of the vitrification system and higher success rate in frozen-thaw embryo transfer worldwide provides an excellent solution for this issue

Kaedah pengesanan automatik salur darah retina untuk imej digital fundus

Retinaialahsatulapisanmembranyangterletakpadabelakangmatayangboleh menggambarkankeseluruhanimejsalurdarahmenggunakankamerafundus.Struktur salur darahpadaretinamampumemberikanpetunjukpentinguntukmengenalpasti penyakit-penyakityangberkaitanmatadanbadan.Penyakitberkaitanoftalmikdapat dibuktikan denganperubahandiameter,sudutpercabangan,dankekerintinganpada salur darahretina.Olehyangdemikian,prosessaringandigalakkan,namunbegitu pemeriksaanyangdilakukanadalahsecaramanualdanmemerlukankepakaran,masa, dan kosyangtinggikeranaperalatanyangcanggih.Suatukaedahpengesanansalur darah secaraautomatikdiperlukanuntukmendapatkanimejkeseluruhanrangkaian salur darahyanglebihefektifberbandingpengesanansecaramanual.Hasilnya, keseluruhanstruktursalurdarahretinadapatdikesandengancepatdantepat.Walau bagaimanapun,pengesanansalurdarahmerupakanprosesyangrumitkeranasalur darah retinamempunyairangkaiansalurdarahyangrumitdengankepelbagaiansaiz dan lebar.Selainitu,imejretinamempunyaihingar,kontrayangrendah,danvariasi kecerahanpadaimejyangsamamenyebabkansukaruntukmembezakansalurdarah dan latarbelakang.Kehadiranlingkarancakeraoptikpadaimejretinaperludiuruskan denganbaikkeranaiamerupakankawasanpalingcerahdanpembuluhdarahberasal daripadapusatnya.Objektifutamakajianiniadalahbagimembangunkankaedah pengesananautomatiksalurdarahretinauntukimejdigitalfundusyangcekap.Ia mampu mengesansalurdarahsecaraoptimumbermuladaripadalingkarancakera optik sehinggahujungstruktursalurdarah.Penyelidikaninimencadangkantigafasa utama, iaitupra-pemprosesan,segmentasirangkaiansalurdarah,danpasca pemprosesan. Fasapra-pemprosesaninimenyediakanimejretinayanglebihbaik berbanding imejasaluntukmeningkatkankontraantarasalurdarahretinadanlatar belakang. Seterusnya,fasakeduamerupakansegmentasirangkaiansalurdarah menggunakan modelberasaskangarispengesanansudut.Kaedahinidapatmengesan piksel yangmewakilisalurdarahberdasarkanpencirianyangtelahdilakukan.Akhir sekali, fasayangketigaialahfasapascapemprosesanyangterbahagikepadadua,iaitu pengesananpikseldanpenuraspikselberkepentingan.Prosespengesanandijalankan denganmenggunakankaedahheuristikdanOtsuterubah.Prosesinimenukarkanimej skala kelabukepadaimejperduaanbagipengesanansalurdarahretina,manakalabagi proses penuraspikselberkepentingan,iaterbahagikepadapenyingkirantitiktidak berkepentingandanmemperbaikipikselyanghilang.Prosesinidijalankandengan menggunakan sudutpengagihanhistogramuntukmenentukantaburanyangdiperoleh daripadapikselkejiranan.Maklumatinikemudiannyadigunakanuntuk menyingkirkanpikselhingardanmenyambungkanpikselyanghilangyangjuga merupakansebahagiandaripadasalurdarah.Dapatankajiantelahmembuktikan kaedah yangdicadangkanberjayamengesansalurdarahdenganmenunjukkan peningkatan ketepatanbagipangkalandataDRIVE,HRF,danSTAREiaitu masing-masing 95.58%,93.40%,dan94.90%.Berbandingkaedahterdahuluyang hanyamencatatkanketepatansebanyak94.15%dan93.24%bagipangkalandata DRIVE danSTARE.Kesimpulannya,kajianinitelahberjayamembangunkankaedah pengesananautomatiksalurdarahretinauntukimejdigitalfundus