Analysis of selected crime data in Nigeria

Crime isanactthatbringsaboutoffencesanditispunishable under thelaw.MajorcrimesinNigeriaincluderape,kidnapping, murder,burglary,fraud,terrorism,robbery,cyber-crimes,bribery and corruption,moneylaunderingandsoon.Accordingtothe statistics releasedbytheNigerianNationalBureauofStatisticsin 2016,Lagos,Abuja,Delta,Kano,Plateau,Ondo,Oyo,Bauchi,Ada- mawaandGombeStatesmadethetoptenlistofstateswithhigh number ofcrimes.Crimeisanimportanttopicanditisofinterest to usbecauseoftheconsequencesandpenaltiesitattracts(which rangesfrom fine todeath).Thisdataarticlecontainsthepartial analysis(bothdescriptiveandinferential)ofcrimedataset obtained between1999and2013.Theaimofthestudyistoshow the patternandrateofcrimeinNigeriabasedonthedatacollected and toshowtherelationshipsthatexistamongthevariouscrime types. Analyzingthisdatasetcanprovideinsightoncrimeactiv- ities withinNigeri

A Comparative Study of the Use of Statistical Process Control in Monitoring Health Care Delivery

To control and improve on the quality of products and services is an important business strategy. Hence, the yearnings for quality services in all sector is not just a call from the consumers, clients or patients but an act to maintain the integrity of the manufacturer or service providers. In this research, the importance of statistical process control to health care delivery is being re-iterated with application to a real data set. The p-chart is being used and results compared with other results/findings in the literature. KEYWORDS: Health, Patients,

Evaluation of Simultaneous Equation Techniques in the Presence of Misspecification Error: A Monte Carlo Approach

One  of  the  assumptions  of  Classical  Linear  Regression  Model (CLRMA),  is  that  the  regression  model be  ‘correctly’   specified.  If  the  model  is  not  ‘correctly’  specified,  the  problem  of  model  misspecification  error arises. The objective of the study is to know the performances of the estimator and also the estimator that is greatly affected by misspecification error due to omission of relevant explanatory variable.  Four simultaneous equation techniques (OLS, 2SLS, 3SLS, LIML) were applied to a two-equation model and investigated on their performances when plagued with the problem of misspecification error. A Monte Carlo method simulation method was employed to investigate the effect of these estimators due to misspecification of the model. The findings revealed that the estimates obtained by 2SLS and 3SLS are similar and variances by all the estimates reduced consistently as the sample size increases. The study had revealed that 2 3 SLS performed best using average of parameter criterion while OLS generated the least variances. LIML is mostly affected by misspecification. Keywords: Monte Carlo, Misspecification error, Simultaneous equation

Estimates and Forecasts of GARCH Model under Misspecified Probability Distributions: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach

The effect of misspecification of correct sampling probability distribution of Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic (GARCH) processes is considered. The three assumed distributions are the normal, Student t, and generalized error distributions. The GARCH process is sampled using one of the distributions and the model is estimated based on the three distributions in each sample. Parameter estimates and forecast performance are used to judge the estimated model for performance. The AR-GARCH-GED performed better on the three assumed distributions; even, when Student t distribution is assumed, AR-GARCH-Student t does not perform as the best model

Misspecification of Variants of Autoregressive GARCH Models and Effect on In-Sample Forecasting

Generally, in empirical financial studies, the determination of the true conditional variance in GARCH modelling is largely subjective. In this paper, we investigate the consequences of choosing a wrong conditional variance specification. The methodology involves specifying a true conditional variance and then simulating data to conform to the true specification. The estimation is then carried out using the true specification and other plausible specification that are appealing to the researcher, using model and forecast evaluation criteria for assessing performance. The results show that GARCH model could serve as better alternative to other asymmetric volatility models

Estimation of Garch Models for Nigerian Exchange Rates Under Non-Gaussian Innovations

Financial series often displays evidence of leptokurticity and in that case, the empirical distribution often fails normality.  GARCH models were initially based on normality assumption but estimated model based on this assumption cannot capture all the degree of leptokurticity in the return series. In this paper, we applied variants of GARCH models under non-normal innovations-t-distribution and Generalized Error Distribution (GED) on selected Nigeria exchange rates. The Berndt, Hall, Hall, Hausman (BHHH) numerical derivatives applied in the estimation of models converged faster and the time varied significantly across models. Asymmetric GARCH model with t-distribution (GARCH-t) was selected in most of the cases whereas for Nigeria-US Dollar exchange rate, GARCH-GED was specified. Both distributions showed evidence of leptokurticity in Naira exchange rate return series. The result is of practical importance to practitioners. Key Words: GARCH, Exchange rate, Model specification, Non-Gaussian distribution.

Impacts of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) on Rural Dwellers in Nigeria: A Study of Isan-Ekiti

This study examined the reality of the impact of Agricultural Development Programmes on rural dwellers in Nigeria, using the people of IsanEkiti, Oye Local Government Area of EkitiState as case study. Therefore, it investigated if the programme has brought about increase in the production of foodstuff, income level of farmers,improved seeds, provision of pesticides, and fertilizer for farmers. The research method employed a survey study which involved the administration of questionnaire as the research instrument. A total of seven hundred and seventy three questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving percentage frequency distribution, pictorial representation, graphical illustrations and regression approach. The study hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analysis and the empirical result reveals that Agricultural Development Programmes have significantly increased food production in the locality through increased provision of pesticides and improved seeds to farmers, establishment of new infrastructure and provision of fertilizers. The analysis of the evidence from the result however reveals that accessibility of credit by farmers has no significant effect on increased Agricultural productivity. The study therefore recommends that government should increase its effort in the area of Agricultural credit financing

Perceived stress and stressors among first-year undergraduate studentsat a private medical school in Nigeria

Objectives:Medical training has long been globally rec-ognised as involving numerous stressors that can affectthe well-being of students. This study, the first to beconducted among first-year medical students at a privateuniversity in Nigeria, aims to identify factors associatedwith students’ perceived stress.Methods:An analytical cross-sectional design wasemployed. A semi-structured pretested and validatedquestionnaire was administered to first-year medicalstudents. The data were analysed using IBM SPSSversion 25.0. Descriptive and analytical statistics werepresented as frequencies, percentages, means, andstandard deviations. The chi-square test was also usedto identify the associations between categoricalvariables.Results:The majority of the respondents were females(72.2%) and Christians (85.8%). Sixty seven percent ofthe participants perceived medical school as beingstressful. More females than males were stressed. Statis-tically, ethnicity and intrapersonal factors were correlatedwith perceived stress.Conclusion:In this study, the prevalence of perceivedstress among first-year medical undergraduate studentswas high. Students should be prepared on how to copewith stress by developing coping strategies such ashealthy lifestyle patterns, availing of social support,engaging in physical activity, and seeking counsellingwhen neede

Perceived stress and stressors among first-year undergraduate students at a private medical school in Nigeria

Objectives: Medical training has long been globally recognised as involving numerous stressors that can affect the well-being of students. This study, the first to be conducted among first-year medical students at a private university in Nigeria, aims to identify factors associated with students’ perceived stress. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was employed. A semi-structured pretested and validated questionnaire was administered to first-year medical students. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive and analytical statistics were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The chi-square test was also used to identify the associations between categorical variables. Results: The majority of the respondents were females (72.2%) and Christians (85.8%). Sixty seven percent of the participants perceived medical school as being stressful. More females than males were stressed. Statistically, ethnicity and intrapersonal factors were correlated with perceived stress. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of perceived stress among first-year medical undergraduate students was high. Students should be prepared on how to cope with stress by developing coping strategies such as healthy lifestyle patterns, availing of social support, engaging in physical activity, and seeking counselling when needed

A Comparative Study of the Use of Statistical Process Control in Monitoring Health Care Delivery

ABSTRACT: To control and improve on the quality of products and services is an important business strategy. Hence, the yearnings for quality services in all sector is not just a call from the consumers, clients or patients but an act to maintain the integrity of the manufacturer or service providers. In this research, the importance of statistical process control to health care delivery is being re-iterated with application to a real data set. The p-chart is being used and results compared with other results/findings in the literature