A novel cyclization in the construction of fused rings

The discovery of the novel thermal cyclization of enediyne molecules within the Parsons group during studies directed towards the total synthesis of lactonamycin has stimulated an intense research into the cyclization of the enediynes. In this research different functionalised enediynes were synthesised to investigate:- (i) the scope and limitations of the thermal cyclization reactions, (ii) the proposed biradical mechanism for the cyclization reactions, (iii) the intermolecular trappings of the proposed biradical, and (iv) the effect of sterically demanding groups on the rate of cyclization. In the process of testing these objectives, we have been able to synthesize highly functionalised heterocyclic rings by simple thermal cyclization reactions without using any metal catalyst. We have discovered that the cyclizations may have involved free radical mechanism or an ene reaction, followed by a Diels – Alder cycloaddition reactions. Interestingly the cyclised compound 2.1 shows two stereogenic centres at C2 and C4 with an absolute configuration of R and S respectively. An in-depth exploration of the stereochemistry of these reactions may increase their application in controlling the stereochemistry of ring systems through simple metal free thermal cyclization reactions. Confirmation of the specific mechanism constitutes an ongoing research within the Parsons group. Conclusively cyclization of highly functionalised enediynes had been proved to be a versatile route to the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds. The ease of cyclizations of a majority of the enediynes in this study has shown that functionalisation and diversification of the core enediyne systems could be utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important antitumour drugs

Strong Electronic Identification: Survey & Scenario Planning

The deployment of more high-risk services such as online banking and government services on the Internet has meant that the need and demand for strong electronic identity is bigger today more than ever. Different stakeholders have different reasons for moving their services to the Internet, including cost savings, being closer to the customer or citizen, increasing volume and value of services among others. This means that traditional online identification schemes based on self-asserted identities are no longer sufficient to cope with the required level of assurance demanded by these services. Therefore, strong electronic identification methods that utilize identifiers rooted in real world identities must be provided to be used by customers and citizens alike on the Internet. This thesis focuses on studying state-of-the-art methods for providing reliable and mass market strong electronic identity in the world today. It looks at concrete real-world examples that enable real world identities to be transferred and used in the virtual world of the Internet. The thesis identifies crucial factors that determine what constitutes a strong electronic identity solution and through these factors evaluates and compares the example solutions surveyed in the thesis. As the Internet become more pervasive in our lives; mobile devices are becoming the primary devices for communication and accessing Internet services. This has thus, raised the question of what sort of strong electronic identity solutions could be implemented and how such solutions could adapt to the future. To help to understand the possible alternate futures, a scenario planning and analysis method was used to develop a series of scenarios from underlying key economic, political, technological and social trends and uncertainties. The resulting three future scenarios indicate how the future of strong electronic identity will shape up with the aim of helping stakeholders contemplate the future and develop policies and strategies to better position themselves for the future

The impact of human capital development in employment generation in Nigeria

A major development issue in Nigeria is unemployment, despite a plethora of economic policies to guide labour absorption and utilisation in the country. Some major reasons  for this unemployment challenges have been hinged on the level of human capital  development as well as other socio-economic issues. Using the Auto Regressive  Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, a quantitative analysis of the effect human capital in stimulating employment or otherwise was assessed in Nigeria for the period  1970-2014. It was discovered that the level of human capital was not sufficient to stimulate employment or reduce unemployment in Nigeria. Besides, it was discovered that population growth is really not the challenge for employment in Nigeria especially if human capital can be harnessed productively, and channelled towards viable and rewarding sectors of the economyKeywords: “Population”, “Employment”, “Education”, “Capital

Land Use Change Analysis in a Derived Savannah Zone of South Western Nigeria and Challenges for Agricultural land

The land use pattern of a region is the outcome of the natural and socio –economic factors and their utilization by man in time and space. These changes in land use patterns have impact on the local and global environmental conditions as well as economic and social welfare. The aim of this study was to examine change in land use and its effect on the amount of land available for agricultural production as basis for decisions on land use planning for sustainable agriculture. The study was carried out in Ido local government area, LandSat images of Oyo State for the years 1984, 2000 and 2010 were used for the land use classification covering a period of 26 years. Supervised classification was done using the maximum likelihood algorithm to classify into different land use categories such as forested areas, bare lands, urban areas, water bodies and agricultural lands.From 1984 to 2010 the urban areas in Ido LGA increased by 8.29%, forested areas decreased by 4.38% and the agricultural lands also decreased by 3.86%.  Such losses are permanent since the urban lands cannot be converted again to farming; the consequence is increasing reduction in the agricultural production. This trend must be checked so as to enhance sustainable agricultural production and thereby avoid food insecurity in future. Keywords: land use, land use pattern, agricultural lan

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY RESOURCES AND SERVICES BY THE STUDENTS’ OF LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY: A CASE STUDY OF NURSING STUDENTS

ABSTRACT The study was designed and conducted to evaluate the use of university library resources and services by nursing students of Lead City University, Ibadan. Descriptive survey design was use for this study and the population all nursing students was approximately 500 as at the time of this study, 20% of the population (100) was used. Close observation and a structured questionnaire were used with 100% return rate. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts and simple percentages). The findings shows that minority (14%) of the respondents don’t use the library on daily basis, among all the library information resources, textbooks command that highest level of patronage, accessibility and user satisfaction followed, reference resources, then newspapers. On the factors that discourages usage of the Library, resources and services, slow internet connection ranked the highest (92%) followed by library closing hours with 84% agreement, then insufficient charging points (82%), epileptic power supply accounted for 72% and lack of book borrowing service (circulation) accounted for 70%. Study however recommend constant and frequent in-house evaluation of the Library resources and services, start operating an open system where users can borrow books, conduciveness of the library environment should be of paramount interest to the library management. Word Count: 203 Key Words: Evaluation, Library, Resources, Services, facilities

Mapping Wiki User Contribution Types to Motivations for Participation: A Case Study

Different classifications of Wiki editor have been proposed. However, so far there has been no mapping between user classes based on their contributions and their motivations, which can be useful to design persuasive functions in wiki systems to increase participation. In this study, we attempt to bridge this gap by developing a customized MediaWiki system, used by 10 senior undergraduate students for their coursework. The participants were classified into three editors' classes and mapped to their motivation factors, using the system data and the results from the exit questionnaire

Covid-19 Effects on Libraries Goes Beyond Books: Lead City University in Perspective

Information is a resource that is naturally needed in all aspects of human endeavors and the library, as an institution responsible for the acquisition, organization and dissemination of information is highly sought by information users. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the closure or restriction of access to libraries all over the world, of which the Lead City University Library was not an exception. This article contends that the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has a wide ranging impact on the library and its users that goes beyond lack of access to books and other information resources. This is because the library is a social institution which has become more of a community center where people can come together not only to access information but also to learn new skills and make new connections in their quest for enlightenment, leisure, up skilling, learning, re-learning and self-fulfillment. To ameliorate this situation and maintain the relevance of the library, the study recommended that it is important that academic libraries invest more on Information Technology infrastructures and electronic resources. Librarians also need to acquire improved ICT skills needed for virtual interaction with information users which is sacrosanct in this era of the new normal

AN ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH- CASE STUDY, NIGERIA

In order to address the direction of causality between human capital and productivity growth in Nigeria, the study first investigated the pattern of productivity growth in Nigeria between 1970 and 2010. Following the endogenous growth model, which argued that technical progress, through an effective labor force, could lead to long-run growth which can be determined from within an economy; but it actually depends on the efficiency with which resources available to such an economy are utilized. This is against the exogenous growth model which emphasized that long-run growth can be attained by some unexplained technological progress, which is exogenous to any economy. Based on this controversy in literature, this study empirically determined the productivity growth in Nigeria, as well as the causal relation between human capital development and productivity growth in Nigeria using the Engle-Granger causality test. The results revealed that productivity growth has been very low and unstable in Nigeria as it oscillated between -1.5% and 0.6%. In addition, the nexus between human capital and productivity growth was examined. The findings revealed that while productivity growth caused human capital development, human capital development did not cause productivity growth

Information Security Awareness and Information Security Compliance in University Libraries in South-West, Nigeria

Information security compliance implies that library personnel follow the rules, guidelines, and principles governing information security and implement the security measures provided in the library to curb insecurity. Information security compliance ensures that information resources held in the library are protected from unauthorized access and preserved from risk of lost, damage and unwanted modification. However, evidence from the literature showed that there is low compliance with information security by library personnel in university libraries in Nigeria. This has impacted negatively information resources held by the library, especially the printed materials. A situation not unconnected with a lack of awareness of information security. This study therefore, examined the influence of information security awareness on information security compliance in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria. The study adopting a descriptive survey research design involving Multi-Stage random sampling technique to select 223who are library personnel (professional and Para-professional librarians) in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that information security awareness (R2=0.3305,β = 0.363, t = 8.836, p\u3c0.05) had positive and significant influence on information security compliance. Also information security compliance among library personnel in university libraries is of low level. Similarly, there is low Information security awareness among library personnel in university libraries. The study concluded that information security awareness is inevitable for information security compliance in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria. The study recommended that management of the libraries should promote awareness programs among library personnel so as to boost awareness thereby curbing information security breaches and increasing compliance with information security. The study also recommended that, in order to avoid unauthorized access to library resources, library management and information professionals must devise strategies which will enable them provide adequate security that can protect the information resources available in the library

COVID-19 AND EDUCATION: EFFECTS OF INTEGRATING MOBILE DEVICES WITH UNDERGRADUATE LEARNING PROCESS

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic and the social distancing rules and lockdowns that followed have affected all aspect of our societies, including education. In order to keep education running, educational institutions have had to quickly adapt to the situation. This has resulted in an unprecedented push to online learning where mobile technologies are being used for the learning purposes. The study adopted a descriptive survey research method with a study sample of 200 undergraduate students drawn from the two colleges in Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti using random sampling technique. The study revealed that Telegram (67%), WhatsApp (64.5%) and Zoom (57.5%) were regularly used by students. Also, the students mostly used mobile devices for research and assignments. Some of the effects of mobile devices on education are access to and provision of current and up-to-date information (90%), access to online lectures being made possible (95%), quick transmission of information (85%), and improved academic performance (80%). Major challenges to the use of mobile devices were slow network problems (95%), lack of consistent training for users (92.5%) and use of personal data (95%) which incur additional costs on the part of students. The study recommended that universities should sustain the integration of mobile devices on education to promote and enhance teaching and learning process amid COVID-19