Duane retraction syndrome in a Nigerian child

We report a case of a four year old Nigerian girl who presented to the paediatric unit of our eye clinic with complaints of a squint on looking to the right side and reduction in the size of the right eye when looking to the left. On examination, she had right exotropia in the primary position of gaze. There was limitation of abduction and widening of the palpebral fissure of the right eye on right gaze. On left gaze there was narrowing of the palpebral fissure of the right eye with marked limitation of adduction and an upshoot, or occasionally a  downshoot, of the eyeball. This report demonstrates that Duane’s syndrome occurs in West Africa. Therefore, detailed examination of all patients with squints is important to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient’s condition.Key words: Duane syndrome, West Africa, child, squint, eye movemen

Bilateral Congenital Anophthalmia: A Report of Two Cases and a Case for Increased Anomaly Ultrasound Scans Coverage in Pregnancy in Nigeria

This is a report of two cases of patients with bilateral congenital anophthalmos who presented to a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting the need for increased implementation of fetal anomaly scans coverage during pregnancy in Nigeria. Information on patients’ sociodemographic data, clinical features, and management are described. Both patients presented because of the inability of the parents to view the globes after delivery. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography confirmed bilateral absence of the eyeballs in both patients and the parents were counseled on the anomaly including its treatment and prognosis

Learning Styles of Fresh Clinical Students in Ophthalmology at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: A Pilot Study

Background: The College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, is using a new curriculum for its learners. Therefore, knowing thelearning styles of the learners will help the teachers formulate appropriate teaching strategies. The aim of the pilot study was to determine thelearning styles of the 1st‑year clinical students rotating through ophthalmology with a view to recommending appropriate teaching strategies tothe teachers for the smooth running of the new curriculum. Methodology: The first fifty set of students sent to the department of ophthalmology for ophthalmology rotation was used as a pilot. A total of 47 students completed the study. Three students voluntarily did not participate in the study. Design: VARK questionnaire‑assisted testing of learning styles was used for the study. It consists of 16 questions with four options testing each domain of visual (V), auditory (A), write or reading (R), and kinesthetic (K) ways of learning. Multiple responses were allowed. The total responses were computed at the end to give an idea of the learning styles of the students. Results: A total of 1192 responses were received from 47 students (25 males and 22 females), with a male‑to‑female ratio of 1.1:1. The Auditory and kinesthetic ways of learning were responsible for 669 (56%) responses. There was no statistically significant difference among the sexes. Conclusion: The most preferred  learning styles were the auditory and kinesthetic ways of learning. Teachers should consider direct instructions and more hands‑on teaching of their students while formulating a teaching plan. Keywords: Auditory, kinesthetic, learning styles, medical students, teaching, VARK questionnair

Trabeculectomy for Congenital Glaucoma in University College Hospital, Ibadan: A 7 Year Review of Cases

Introduction: Congenital glaucoma is an uncommon ocular condition affecting about 1/15,000 live births. About two third of cases are bilateral with a higher prevalence in males. The definitive treatment requires surgery which could be trabeculectomy, trabeculotomy, goniotomy, drainage tubes or a combination of trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy. Aim: To determine the outcome of trabeculectomy in patients with congenital glaucoma seen at the University College Hospital Ibadan between 2007 and 2013.Methods: The medical records of all patients with congenital glaucoma seen between the years 2007 and 2013 were retrieved. Inclusion criteria were patients who had trabeculectomy with or without anti‑metabolites within this period. The main outcome measures assessed were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal clarity. Data was analyzed with the statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Thirty‑four eyes of 18 patients were reviewed out of which 16 patients had bilateral trabeculectomy while two had unilateral trabeculectomy. The mean preoperative IOP was 26.31 mmHg while the mean IOP in the immediate postoperative period, at 3 months after surgery and at last follow‑up visit were 13.31 mmHg, 12.78 mmHg and 15.89 mmHg respectively. IOP was <21 mmHg in 81.82% of the eyes as at last clinic visit. All eyes had cloudy corneas preoperatively while 38.24% had minimal residual corneal opacity (Haab’s striae) as at last follow‑up visit.Conclusion: In the absence of equipment for other surgical options, trabeculectomy is an effective surgical approach in the management of congenital glaucoma in the short term.Keywords: Congenital glaucoma, glaucoma, trabeculectom

Correction: Experiences of doctoral students enrolled in a research fellowship program to support doctoral training in Africa (2014 to 2018): The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa odyssey.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252863.]