11,411 research outputs found
Entanglement between the future and past in the quantum vacuum
We note that massless fields within the future and past light cone may be
quantized as independent systems. We show that the vacuum is an entangled state
of these systems, exactly mirroring the known entanglement between the
spacelike separated Rindler wedges. We describe a detector which exhibits a
thermal response to the vacuum when switched on at t=0. The feasibility of
experimentally detecting this effect is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Unsupervised decoding of long-term, naturalistic human neural recordings with automated video and audio annotations
Fully automated decoding of human activities and intentions from direct
neural recordings is a tantalizing challenge in brain-computer interfacing.
Most ongoing efforts have focused on training decoders on specific, stereotyped
tasks in laboratory settings. Implementing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in
natural settings requires adaptive strategies and scalable algorithms that
require minimal supervision. Here we propose an unsupervised approach to
decoding neural states from human brain recordings acquired in a naturalistic
context. We demonstrate our approach on continuous long-term
electrocorticographic (ECoG) data recorded over many days from the brain
surface of subjects in a hospital room, with simultaneous audio and video
recordings. We first discovered clusters in high-dimensional ECoG recordings
and then annotated coherent clusters using speech and movement labels extracted
automatically from audio and video recordings. To our knowledge, this
represents the first time techniques from computer vision and speech processing
have been used for natural ECoG decoding. Our results show that our
unsupervised approach can discover distinct behaviors from ECoG data, including
moving, speaking and resting. We verify the accuracy of our approach by
comparing to manual annotations. Projecting the discovered cluster centers back
onto the brain, this technique opens the door to automated functional brain
mapping in natural settings
Simulations of Spinodal Nucleation in Systems with Elastic Interactions
Systems with long-range interactions quenched into a metastable state near
the pseudospinodal exhibit nucleation that is qualitatively different than the
classical nucleation observed near the coexistence curve. We have observed
nucleation droplets in our Langevin simulations of a two-dimensional model of
martensitic transformations and have determined that the structure of the
nucleating droplet differs from the stable martensite structure. Our results,
together with experimental measurements of the phonon dispersion curve, allow
us to predict the nature of the droplet. These results have implications for
nucleation in many solid-solid transitions and the structure of the final
state
Nonequilibrium Approach to Bloch-Peierls-Berry Dynamics
We examine the Bloch-Peierls-Berry dynamics under a classical nonequilibrium
dynamical formulation. In this formulation all coordinates in phase space
formed by the position and crystal momentum space are treated on equal footing.
Explicitly demonstrations of the no (naive) Liouville theorem and of the
validity of Darboux theorem are given. The explicit equilibrium distribution
function is obtained. The similarities and differences to previous approaches
are discussed. Our results confirm the richness of the Bloch-Peierls-Berry
dynamics
Extraction of timelike entanglement from the quantum vacuum
An intriguing property of the massless quantum vacuum state is that it contains entanglement between both spacelike and timelike separated regions of space-time. The implications of timelike entanglement and its connection to standard entanglement, however, are unexplored. Here we show that timelike entanglement can be extracted from the massless Minkowski vacuum and converted into standard entanglement "at a given time" between two inertial, two-state detectors at the same spatial location: one coupled to the field in the past and the other coupled to the field in the future. The procedure used here demonstrates a time correlation as a requirement for extraction; e. g., if the past detector was active at a quarter to 12:00, then the future detector must wait to become active at precisely a quarter past 12:00 in order to achieve entanglement
Comparison of Measured and Calculated Specific Resistances of Pd/Pt Interfaces
We compare specific resistances (AR equals area A times resistance R) of
sputtered Pd/Pt interfaces measured in two different ways with
no-free-parameter calculations. One way gives 2AR(Pd/Pt) of 0.29 (0.03)
fohm-m(2) and the other 0.17 (0.13) fohm-m(2). From these we derive a best
estimate of 2AR(Pd/Pt) of 0.28 (0.06) fohm-m(2), which overlaps with
no-free-parameter calculations: 2AR(predicted) of 0.30 (0.04) fohm-m(2) for
flat, perfect interfaces, or 0.33 (0.04) fohm-m(2) for interfaces composed of 2
monolayers of a 50percent-50percent PdPt alloy. These results support three
prior examples of agreement between calculations and measurements for pairs of
metals having the same crystal structure and the same lattice parameter to
within 1 percent. We also estimate the spin-flipping probability at Pd/Pt
interfaces as 0.13 (0.08).Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publication New version has
corrected value of delta(Pd/Pt
The Impact of NLO-Corrections on the Determination of the $\bar{u},\bar{d} Content of Nucleons from Drell-Yan Production
The interpretation of Drell-Yan production in terms of the antiquark
densities depends on NLO corrections. Besides the NLO corrections to the
familiar annihilation , there is a
substantial contribution from the QCD Compton subprocesses and . The beam and target
dependence of the two classes of corrections is different. We discuss the
impact of this difference on the determination of the
asymmetry in the proton from the comparison of the and Drell-Yan
production.Comment: 4 pages, 1 eps-figure. To be published in Proceedings of DIS'9
Dynamical Ordering of Driven Stripe Phases in Quenched Disorder
We examine the dynamics and stripe formation in a system with competing short
and long range interactions in the presence of both an applied dc drive and
quenched disorder. Without disorder, the system forms stripes organized in a
labyrinth state. We find that, when the disorder strength exceeds a critical
value, an applied dc drive can induce a dynamical stripe ordering transition to
a state that is more ordered than the originating undriven, unpinned pattern.
We show that signatures in the structure factor and transport properties
correspond to this dynamical reordering transition, and we present the dynamic
phase diagram as a function of strengths of disorder and dc drive.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figure
Moving Wigner Glasses and Smectics: Dynamics of Disordered Wigner Crystals
We examine the dynamics of driven classical Wigner solids interacting with
quenched disorder from charged impurities. For strong disorder, the initial
motion is plastic -- in the form of crossing winding channels. For increasing
drive, the disordered Wigner glass can reorder to a moving Wigner smectic --
with the electrons moving in non-crossing 1D channels. These different dynamic
phases can be related to the conduction noise and I(V) curves. For strong
disorder, we show criticality in the voltage onset just above depinning. We
also obtain the dynamic phase diagram for driven Wigner solids and prove that
there is a finite threshold for transverse sliding, recently found
experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figure
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