Influence of enzyme supplementation on rabbits fed rumen liquor with poultry waste fermented cassava peels based diets

The effect of increasing the optimum replacement level of maize with rumen liquor fermented cassava peels (RLFCP) with enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbit diets was evaluated in 56-day feeding trial using a 2 x 3 factorial experimental design. The E supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) final live weight (FLW) and total weight gain (TWG), while the RLFCP inclusion (0 – 100 %) led to significant decrease (p>0.05) in the rabbit FLW, TWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, RLFCP inclusion at various levels significantly increased (p<0.05) the daily feed intake (DFI). The slaughtered weight, skin, head and limb, kidneys, gall bladder and gastro intestinal tract were significantly affected (p<0.05) by dietary RLFCP levels. RLFCP inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and lymphocyte (LYM) levels. Enzyme x RLFCP was significant increased (p<0.05) the number of red blood cells. Equally, the concentrations of albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and glucose were significantly affected (p<0.001) by the level of RLFCP in the diets such that replacement level of maize for RLFCP lead to increase in albumin and glucose, alkaline phosphate, while the effect of the replacement levels did not follow a particular trend for amylase and glucose. Addition of multi-enzyme at 0.35 g/kg level led to improvement in weight gain of the rabbits. Keywords: Fermented cassava peels, Rabbits, Enzyme supplementation, Blood profiles, Health statu

Wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite-mix supplementation in broiler chickens: effects on performance, health status and meat

Article Details: Received: 2020-04-02 | Accepted: 2020-06-19 | Available online: 2020-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.04.205-212Three hundred 1-day old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five experimental diets (60 birds/diet; 10 birds/ replicate) using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite mix (CLM) in broiler chickens. At the starter and finisher phases, a basic diet was formulated, divided into five equal parts and tagged diets 1 to 5. Diets 1 and 2 had 0% and 1.1% Oxytetracycline (Oxyt) supplementation; while the diets 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% CLM, respectively. In starter and finisher phases, the highest (P 0.05) to those fed 0.4% CLM, but significantly better (P <0.05) the birds fed the control diet. The dietary CLM supplementation caused increased (P <0.05) serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentration. 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Gliricidia leaf meal and multi-enzyme in rabbits diet: effect on performance, blood indices, serum metabolites and antioxidant status

Abstract Background Following the ban on the importation of import-dependent fed ingredients in most developing countries, the need to look inward for local content is now compelling. Thus, leaf meals that have phytogenic additive potentials are envisaged will be a viable feed ingredient in rabbit diets. Methods The effect of dietary inclusion of gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) with or without multi-enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbits was investigated using ninety-six 35-day old rabbits of crossbreed (Newzealand and Chinchilla). One basal diet that met the requirements of growing rabbit was formulated (Diet 1). Thereafter, another two diets were formulated to contain 15% GLM and 15% GLM plus multi-enzyme at 1 g/kg and designated as diets 2 and 3 respectively. The rabbits were randomly distributed into the 3 diets (32 rabbits/treatment; 4 rabbits/replicate) and fed their respective experimental diets for 8 weeks. Results The body weight and daily weight gain of the rabbits fed on GLM free diet and those on GLM-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were similar at finishing period of 63–91 day but have lower (P < 0.01) values than those rabbits fed GLM + E based diet (diet 3) at finishing period (63–91 days) and whole fattening period (35-91 days). The apparent dry matter and crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed control diet and those fed 15% GLM based diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed 15% GLM + E-based diet. Triglycerides concentration of rabbits fed 15% GLM-based diet without enzyme addition were lower (P < 0.05) than those observed for rabbits on the rest test diets. Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein levels of rabbits fed 15% GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the GLM free diet. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of rabbits fed the GLM free diet (diet 1) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those fed the 15%GLM and 15% GLM + E-based diets. Conclusion Dietary inclusion of GLM at 15% of the diet did not have a negative effect on the rabbits postweaning period (35–63 days) but will require multi-enzyme supplementation to enhance growth indices at finishing period (63–91 day) without precipitating negative effect on the rabbits’ health status

Chemical characterization, energy and zinc bio-availability of cassava starch residues fermented with rumen liquor and different n-sources

The nutritive potentials of rumen liquor fermented cassava starch residue (RLFCSR) were evaluated with a view to providing basic analytical data which will enhance its use in animal feed. The crude protein (CP) of cassava starch residue increased from 35.62 – 79.4 g/kg, while the crude fibre (CF) decreased from 125.18 – 83.87 g/kg as the levels of N-sources increased from 0 g/kg to 50 – 100g /kg. Increased fermentation period (FP) from 0 hour to 72 – 144 hours led to 21.1 – 21.3 % increment in CP and 8.2 – 9.5 % decrease in CF in RLFCSR. The energy contribution due to fat (PEF) and protein (PEP) increased with N-sources and FP but energy contribution due to carbohydrate (PEC) and utilizable energy due to protein (UEDP) decreased. The molar ratios of K/Na, Na/K, Ca/P and Ca/Mg were affected by N-sources, levels of N-sources and FP. HCN and phytate consistently decreased as the levels of N-sources and FP increased. The levels of Phy:Zn, Ca:Phy and Ca:Phy/Zn were good enough to enhance Ca and Zn bioavailability.Keywords: Cassava wastes, Animal wastes, Chemical composition, Zinc bioavailabilit

Effects of different protein sources on growth and carcass characteristics of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) in captivity

This study evaluated the effect of replacing groundnut cake with Moringa oleifera, Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium leaf meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of giant African land snails. One hundred and twenty (120) growing snails (Archachatina marginata) of 150 – 170 g, aged 5 – 6 months were randomly assigned to four different treatments with three replicates and ten snails per replicate. M. oleifera, L. leucocephala and G. sepium leaves were harvested, shed dried and milled to obtain M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), L. leucocephala leaf meal (LLLM) and G. sepium leaf meal (GSLM). Snails in Treatment 1 were given groundnut cake (GNCD), treatment 2 snails had GSLM, treatment 3 snails had MOLM and treatment 4 snails were given LLLM as the protein source in a 13 week feeding trial. Feed intake, live weight gain, shell changes and carcass characteristics were measured using standard procedures. The result showed that weight gain and final weight of snails fed GNCD, MOLM, and LLLM were statistically (p&gt;0.05) similar but significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than snails fed GSLM. Dressing percentage and percentage visceral weight of snails fed MOLM was highest across treatments. Percentage shell weight was highest among snails fed GNCD, whereas percentage haemolymph weight was highest among snails fed LLLM. Inclusion of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala leaf meals as protein sources in concentrate rations for snails was beneficial for growth and carcass characteristics of growing snails. Keywords: Carcass traits, Dressing percentage, Foot weight, Leaf protein, Leguminous forage