The Perfect Binary One-Error-Correcting Codes of Length 15: Part II--Properties

A complete classification of the perfect binary one-error-correcting codes of length 15 as well as their extensions of length 16 was recently carried out in [P. R. J. \"Osterg{\aa}rd and O. Pottonen, "The perfect binary one-error-correcting codes of length 15: Part I--Classification," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory vol. 55, pp. 4657--4660, 2009]. In the current accompanying work, the classified codes are studied in great detail, and their main properties are tabulated. The results include the fact that 33 of the 80 Steiner triple systems of order 15 occur in such codes. Further understanding is gained on full-rank codes via switching, as it turns out that all but two full-rank codes can be obtained through a series of such transformations from the Hamming code. Other topics studied include (non)systematic codes, embedded one-error-correcting codes, and defining sets of codes. A classification of certain mixed perfect codes is also obtained.Comment: v2: fixed two errors (extension of nonsystematic codes, table of coordinates fixed by symmetries of codes), added and extended many other result

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function in Children

Although the clinical complications of atherosclerosis arise from developed lesions in old age, the atherosclerotic disease is a lifelong process with roots in childhood. Endothelial dysfunction is currently considered an early stage in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which precedes the formation of structural atherosclerotic changes. Improvements in noninvasive imaging modalities, mainly in ultrasound imaging, have made it possible to assess the endothelial health of asymptomatic children with or without cardiovascular risk factors. By using noninvasive ultrasound for endothelial function, important insights have been gained into the early stages of atherosclerosis and the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on vasculature in childhood. The ultrasound test of endothelial function is affordable, available, and safe and may be considered a potent aid in clinical risk stratification of children at high risk for subsequent clinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. At present, this methodology serves only research purposes, as many issues including reproducibility and normal values for healthy children need to be solved before clinical use can be considered. In adults, however, recent studies have shown that attenuated endothelial function predicts the occurrence of future cardiovascular events

Experiments on Vortices in Rotating Superfluid 3He-A

A satellite peak has been observed in the NMR spectrum of rotating 3He-A; the peak intensity depends linearly on Ω at the high angular velocities, Ω=0.6−1.5 rad/s, needed to resolve it. The frequency shift of the satellite is independent of Ω. These results strongly suggest the existence of vortices in rotating 3He-A with the vortex density proportional to Ω. Another satellite peak also has been observed which probably is due to solitons.Peer reviewe

Two Optimal One-Error-Correcting Codes of Length 13 That Are Not Doubly Shortened Perfect Codes

The doubly shortened perfect codes of length 13 are classified utilizing the classification of perfect codes in [P.R.J. \"Osterg{\aa}rd and O. Pottonen, The perfect binary one-error-correcting codes of length 15: Part I - Classification, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, to appear]; there are 117821 such (13,512,3) codes. By applying a switching operation to those codes, two more (13,512,3) codes are obtained, which are then not doubly shortened perfect codes.Comment: v2: a correction concerning shortened codes of length 1

Remarkable changes in the near-infrared spectrum of the nova-like variable V4332 Sgr

We report on recent near-IR observations of V4332 Sgr - the nova-like variable that erupted in 1994. Its rapid, post-outburst evolution to a cool M type giant/supergiant, soon after its outburst, had showed that it was an unusual object differing from other eruptive variables like classical/symbiotic novae or born-again AGB stars. The present study of V4332 Sgr was motivated by the keen interest in the recent eruption of V838 Mon - which along with V4332 Sgr - is believed to belong to a new class of objects (we propose they may be called "quasi-novae"). Our observations show new developments in the evolution of V4332 Sgr. The most striking feature is the detection of several molecular bands of AlO - a rarely seen molecule in astronomical spectra - in the JHK spectra. Many of these bands are being detected for the first time. The only other detection of some of these AlO bands are in V838 Mon, thereby showing further spectral similarities between the two objects. JHK photometry shows the development of a new dust shell around V4332 Sgr with a temperature of ~ 900K. This dust shell does not appear to be associated with ejecta of the 1994 outburst but is due to a second mass-loss episode which is not expected in a classical nova outburst. The cold molecular environment, suggested by the AlO emission, is also not expected in novae ejecta. We model the AlO bands and also discuss the possible formation mechanism of the AlO.Comment: To appear in Ap.J(L), 3 figure

Trends in Keratoplasty Procedures During 2 Decades in a Major Tertiary Referral Center in Finland : 1995 to 2015

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in number, age-adjusted frequency, and type of keratoplasty in a major tertiary referral center, relative to patient and graft characteristics.Methods:A retrospective registry study of 1574 patients who in 1995 to 2015 underwent keratoplasty in the Helsinki University Eye Hospital (HUEH). Graft type and sequence, patient characteristics, and date of surgery were recorded. Main outcome measures were annual number, type, and age-adjusted frequency of keratoplasty; patient and graft characteristics; graft procurement; and national population-adjusted frequency of keratoplasty.Results:In HUEH, from 1995 to 2015, a total of 2191 keratoplasties were performed with 48% of the grafts procured intramurally; 76% were primary and 24% regrafts. The age-adjusted frequency of primary penetrating keratoplasty decreased by 52% from 0.96 to 0.46 per 100,000. The corresponding frequency of primary Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty increased by 367% from 0.3 to 1.4 after 2006, finally accounting for 68% of primary grafts. Men underwent primary penetrating keratoplasty (median 48 vs. 67 yrs, P = 0.0001) and anterior lamellar keratoplasty (median 37 vs. 46 yrs, P = 0.0015) at a younger age than women. Interval to the first regraft was comparable between sexes (median 2.2 vs. 1.9 yrs, respectively, P = 0.17). The national median population-adjusted frequency of keratoplasties was 3.2 per 100,000 from 2009 to 2015, and HUEH accounted for a median of 69% of them.Conclusions:The increased frequency of keratoplasty in HUEH resulted from rapid adoption of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty after 2006 and was facilitated by centralizing graft procurement to HUEH and the National Cell and Tissue Center Regea.Peer reviewe

Regularity of maximal functions on Hardy–Sobolev spaces

We prove that maximal operators of convolution type associated to smooth kernels are bounded in the homogeneous Hardy–Sobolev spaces H1,p(Rd) when p > d/(d + 1). This range of exponents is sharp. As a by-product of the proof, we obtain similar results for the local Hardy–Sobolev spaces h1,p(Rd) in the same range of exponents

Parent- and teacher-reported long-term effects of parent training on child conduct problems in families with child protection and other support services : a randomized controlled trial

Background: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the long-term effectiveness of the Incredible Years(R) (IY) Parenting Program in modifying children's externalizing problems among families in Child Protection Services (CPS) and using other special support services. We also examined whether parent-reported effects of the IY(R) generalize to the daycare/school setting as reported by teachers. Methods: Participants in the study were 3-7-year-old children with behavioural problems (N = 102 at baseline, N = 89 at one-year follow-up). Participants were randomized to intervention (N = 50) and control groups (N = 52) after the baseline assessment. The intervention group received 19-week IY(R) Parenting Program. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using linear mixed model. Results: Our previously reported pre-post intervention effects on CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) and ECBI (Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory) were not sustained to the one-year follow-up. Child conduct problems decreased from baseline to follow-up in both intervention and control groups. The positive changes were not observed at daycare/school from baseline to post-intervention or to the one-year follow-up, and there were no significant differences in changes between the groups. Conclusions: Evidence-based parenting program IY(R) seems to be an effective intervention for child conduct problems in the short term in families in the CPS context, but sustaining the positive effects and generalizing them to the daycare/school context are challenging.Peer reviewe