The Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Temperature: A Case Study in Kuching, Sarawak

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is a climate event that has an impact on the world climate. The effects of ENSO are often associated with prolonged droughts and floods since 1980 following global climate change. In addition to causing flooding and drought. Indirectly, the occurrence of ENSO causes health problems, environmental destruction, affecting economic activities such as agriculture and fisheries. Many studies on ENSO have been conducted. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of ENSO on temperature in local knowledge areas, especially urban areas because the urban environment especially building materials that can absorb and release heat. In addition, previous studies have focused on large-scale areas. Beside that there still gap to understand and increase knowledge about the effect of ENSO on local temperatures, especially in urban areas. This study uses meteorological data and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) from 1988 to 2019. This study found that the occurrence of ENSO has an effect on the value of daily temperature but differs based on the value of the ONI index. In addition, this study uses linear regression in predicting the effect of ENSO on temperature. The results of this study are useful to those responsible for understanding the impact of ENSO on temperature in urban areas to provide infrastructure in reducing the impact of ENSO as well as adjustment measures during the occurrence of ENSO

The effects of Geography Information System (GIS) based teaching on underachieving students’ mastery goal and achievement

Recent studies indicate that the number of students electing to study Geography in Malaysian upper secondary schools, and their level of achievement in the subject, has declined. The main factor appears to be a lack of motivation. Yet there has been little research into the impact of instructional methods on Geography students’ motivation and their learning outcomes. This study applies a concurrent triangulation mixed method model to determine the effect of GIS based teaching on underachieving students’ achievement and their motivation to learn Geography. The quantitative data were collected through a quasi-experimental design while the qualitative data were collected through students’ interviews. The treatment groups included 44 students and control group with 40 students. For the treatment group, a unit on the type and distribution of world vegetation was given with GIS-based lesson material. For the control group, the same subject matter was presented using the traditional teaching methods. The quantitative evaluation showed the mastery goal and achievement post-test mean score of experiment group student participants’ are significantly higher than control group student participants. The evaluations of student participants’ interviews are consistent with quantitative findings. The triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative data reveals that GIS-based teaching had a more positive effect as compared to traditional teaching methods in enhancing participants’ mastery goal learning motivation and achievement in the topics being taught in the classroom. Thus, it is possible to draw overall conclusion that GIS based teaching has positively impact the student participants’ achievement and motivation to learn Geography

Modeling the Commercial Property Value Using Ordinary Least Squared (OLS): A Case Study of Putatan, Sabah and Limbang, Sarawak

Real Estate is an asset that provides profitable investment in return. Commercial property constitutes an important part of the real estate sector. In valuing commercial property, rental value is an essential component for valuers in applying valuation methods. Determining the rental value usually a difficult process as it involves a lot of influence factors. There are various factors that can be used but not the same for every commercial property. Therefore, this paper shows the modeling valuation comparison between two commercial property areas of Putatan and Limbang that represent the outskirts of the city in Sabah and Sarawak respectively. The purpose of this study is to find an effective approach to develop a suitable model for commercial property valuation using OLS and subsequently intends to identify factors that influence the commercial properties for both study areas. The OLS technique was used for this study to develop the property valuation model in Putatan and Limbang.  The outcome shows that both study areas can be modeled using OLS for property valuation using similar factors but the Limbang area produced higher accuracy than Putatan based on the adjusted R2 value. However, in terms of the significant of the property value influence factors, both Limbang and Putatan produced different significant factors. Thus, it shows that most of the outskirt city commercial property valuation must be modeled using different influence factors. The model will benefit the local authorities, especially for commercial property valuation. Ultimately, revaluation also can be done easily with low cost, less time and few people needed for this approach

Using Remote Sensing To Study Impact El Niño Southern Oscillation On Reservoir Level At Murum And Bakun Dam Hydropower, Sarawak.

In the years 2015 and 2016 has happened El Niño phenomenon was one of the three worst in history that has been happened since 1908. The El Niño phenomenon is usually related to the drought in Southeast Asia, Asia Pacific, and the Caribbean. This study analyses the impact of El Niño in the year 2015/2016 on rainfall at Bakun and Murum Hydropower using the technique of remote sensing. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite was applied to understanding, the impact of 2015/2016 El Niño on rainfall at Bakun and Murum Hydropower. The results of this study show that drought conditions are widespread have reduced the total amount of rainfall and reservoir level and led to unusually low lake levels in Bakun and Murum reservoirs. Better understand the hydrological response and the complexity of different methods. The study found the rainfall decrease 20 until 30 % from normal during neutral and reduced 25 until 30 meters above sea level the reservoir water level at Murum and Bakun dam during the El Niño 2015/2016. The impact approach can support the design of more adaptive management strategies for specific areas

Application of Remote Sensing on El Niño Extreme Effect in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

The years 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 saw the worst El Niño occurrence in human history. The occurrence of El Niño causes extreme temperature events which are higher than usual, drought and prolonged drought. The incident caused a decline in the ability of plants in carrying out the process of photosynthesis. This causes the carbon dioxide content to be higher than normal. Studies on the effects of El Niño and its degree of strength are still under-studied especially by researchers in the tropics. This study uses remote sensing technology that can provide spatial information. The first step of remote sensing data needs to go through the pre-process before building the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) maps. Next this study will identify the relationship between Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) with Application Remote Sensing in The Study Of El Niño Extreme Effect 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 On Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)NDWI and NDWI landscape indices. Next will make a comparison, statistical and spatial information space between NDWI and NDVI for each year 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. This study is very important in providing spatial information to those responsible in preparing measures in reducing the impact of El Niño

Kajian Taburan Batu Megalitik serta Penentuan Sumbernya di Kampung Tobilung Menggunakan Analisis GIS

Warisan budaya tradisional penting sebagai lambang identiti sesuatu masyarakat dan negara. Tamadun dan asal usul sesuatu masyarakat dapat diketahui daripada warisan budaya. Salah satu warisan budaya yang semakin pupus ialah budaya megalitik yang merupakan pengamalan batu besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat dahulu. Antara kawasan yang mempunyai batu megalitik ini ialah Kg Tobilung, Tambunan. Maka kajian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan batu megalitik di Kampung Tobilung, Tambunan sebagai pendokumentasian lokasi batu megalitik tersebut menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS). Selain itu, analisis GIS menggunakan analisis penimbalan dilakukan untuk melihat jarak batu megalitik dengan sumbernya iaitu di sungai-sungai yang berdekatan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan GIS membantu dalam pendokumentasian budaya megalitik dengan menunjukkan lokasi letakan batu megalitik di Kampung Tobilung secara tepat dan menentukan sumber batu megalitik tersebut dengan mudah melalui jarak minimum batu megalitik dengan sungai-sungai berdekatan. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada bidang arkeologi melalui penemuan batu megalitik dan pendokumentasian ke atas batu megalitik tersebut. Di samping itu, melalui penceritaan bersama penduduk kampung, sejarah berkaitan dengan batu megalitik tersebut dapat diketahui dan seterusnya boleh dijadikan sebagai produk pelancongan pada masa akan datang. Pihak berkaitan juga boleh menjadikan hasil kajian ini sebagai panduan untuk melakukan aktiviti pemeliharaan ke atas megalitik ini agar ia tidak dirosakkan atau hilang

Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Malaria Risk and Its Association With El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Sarawak recorded the second-highest number of cases since 2013 until 2017 after Sabah. Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia and needs to provide spatial information, especially to the ministry of health. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the distribution of malaria risk maps. To achieve the objectives of this study requires Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) data, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), daily temperature, and secondary data on the number of malaria cases in Sarawak. The results of the study clearly show that the occurrence of La Niña and El Niño affects the total distribution of Malaria risk maps. The number of malaria cases is also related to the ONI value. The lower the ONI value causes the malaria case value to decrease. The results of this study suggest that most of the hot spots in the forest, forest fringe, and inland areas of Sarawak. This clearly shows the lack of knowledge and knowledge causing the rural population to be prone to malaria. The Ministry of Health needs to focus on the interior in disseminating teachings and knowledge in dealing with malaria mosquitoes

Pemetaan literasi kesihatan dalam konteks kartografi dan sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS)

Kajian literasi kesihatan menjadi semakin penting pada masa kini terutama sekali bila berlakunya pandemik secara global di dunia. Konsep literasi kesihatan yang diperkenalkan pada awal 1970-an telah banyak digunakan dalam penyelidikan penjagaan kesihatan awam sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu (Abdurrahman et al., 2017). Walaupun istilah literasi kesihatan telah berkembang pesat di Eropah Selatan, Asia dan Australia (Sorensen et al., 2012; Kondilis et al., 2008), namun masih terdapat kajian yang sangat terhad mengenai literasi kesihatan di Malaysia dan kebanyakan kajian literasi hanya tertumpu pada penyakit tertentu dan kumpulan demografi (Jasmin & Siti, 2013)

Study influence of land cover change in wetland and vegetation on land surface temperature

Wetlands are a vital component of land cover in reducing impacts caused by urban heat effects and climate change. Remote sensing technology provides historical data that can study the impact of development on the environment and local climate. The studies of wetland in reducing Land Surface Temperature (LST) in a tropical climate are still lacking. The objective of the study is to examine the influence of land cover change wetland and vegetation on land surface temperature between the years 1988 and 2019. First of all, step, pre-processing, namely geometric correction, atmosphere correction, and radiometric correction, were performed before retrieval of the LST dataset from thermal band Landsat 5 and 8. Then, Iso Cluster, unsupervised was chosen to produce the land cover map for 1988 and 2019. Geographical Information System (GIS) technology was utilized to determine changes to land cover and LST change between the years 1988 and 2019. With GIS technology, a study of the impact of wetland deforestation on local temperatures at a local scale was carried out. Next to that, correlations between LST and the wetland were analyzed. The results indicated the different land cover between the years 1988 and 2019. The areas of land cover for wetland and vegetation decrease and while area of urban increased. The land cover changed the influences of LST significantly in the study area. The LST increased with the decreasing in areas wetland areas for every 5-kilometer square (km²) wetland lost an increase in 1-degree Celsius of LS was estimated. The size of wetland influence on LST was significant. Wetland and vegetation function in reducing the urban heat island effect was vital in providing a comfortable environment to the Kuching population and indirectly reduce the demand for power energy

Hubung Kait Faktor Ketinggian Terhadap Harta Tanah Kediaman di Kota Kinabalu Menggunakan Gis

Permintaan dan penawaran terhadap harta tanah memainkan peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi perubahan nilai harta tanah. Hal ini demikian kerana, sektor harta tanah pada hari ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan baikpun stabil mahupun kurang stabil melibatkan harta tanah jenis kediaman, rumah kedai dan dagangan. Peningkatan harga harta tanah ini serba sedikit telah memberikan peluang kepada kawasan bandar untuk berkembang lebih pesat. Akan tetapi, peningkatan harga harta tanah didapati mempunyai nilai yang semakin mahal dari tahun ke tahun telah menimbulkan kerisauan dalam kalangan masyarakat kini. Oleh itu, pelbagai inisiatif telah dilaksanakan bagi mengatasi masalah yang telah wujud ini. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan topografi dengan nilai harta tanah di Signal Hill, Sabah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah berlandaskan konsep asas dalam GIS dan analisis berbentuk tiga dimensi bagi mengintegrasikan elemen fizikal melibatkan topografi dan harta tanah kediaman secara terperinci. Hasilnya, nilai yang berbeza dapat dipaparkan mengikut tingkat ketinggian kawasan harta tanah kediaman di Signal Hill. Analisis ini juga telah membentuk unit perwakilan yang dapat membuat hubung kait di antara topografi dan harta tanah. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa sememangnya faktor bentuk muka bumi mempengaruhi harga harta tanah di kawasan Signal Hill. Hal ini disebabkan kawasan Signal Hill terletak di lokasi tanah tinggi dan dipengaruhi kemudahsampaian menyebabkan nilainya berbeza. Diharapkan kajian ini sedikit sebanyak dapat membantu bukan sahaja kepada pihak akademik, tetapi juga kepada badan berkanun dan badan bukan berkanun dalam kajian akan datang