SuppIementary data set 1-4

The Supplementary data set 1-4 includes material referred to the newly introduced species Kaupitherium gruelli n. gen. and n. sp. and Kaupitherium bronni (Krauss, 1858) as well as cranial, mandibular, dental, and postcranial measurements of the respective species

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. CT scans of the fused vertebrae MB.R.1973.

<p><b>A.</b> Sagittal section along the midline of the vertebrae. <b>B.</b> Transverse section through the intervertebral space, showing a simple cavity or lacuna. <b>C.</b> Sagittal section through the right lateral part of the vertebrae, showing their complete fusion. For the location of sections, please see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6A, C</a>. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; ivs, intervertebral space; nc, neural canal; nsp, neural spine; od, ovate depression; prz, prezygapophyses.</p

List of phytosaur vertebrae studied for comparison with the phytosaur vertebrae from Halberstadt.

<p>Abbreviation: SMNS – Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany.</p

Morphology of “normal” phytosaur vertebrae (<i>Nicrosaurus kapffi</i>).

<p><b>A, B.</b> SMNS 5999, left lateral view of presacral vertebra. <b>C.</b> SMNS 4384, posterior presacral “lumbar” vertebra in anterior view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; fov, fovea; ipof, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; nc, neural canal; nsp, neural spine; par, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; trp, transverse process.</p

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. Fused vertebrae MB.R.1973 derived from the lumbosacral region.

<p><b>A, B.</b> Posterior view. <b>C, D.</b> Ventral view, showing ovate depression on the ventral surface of the synostosed vertebral bodies. The dashed lines in (A) show the location of sections illustrated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g008" target="_blank">Figure 8A, C</a>; the dashed line in (C) shows the location of section illustrated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g008" target="_blank">Figure 8</a> B. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; dil, depression for interspinous ligament; nc, neural canal; od, ovate depression; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; syn, synapophysis; trp, transverse process.</p

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. Fused vertebrae MB.R.1973 derived from the lumbosacral region.

<p><b>A, B.</b> Right lateral view. <b>C.</b> Anterior endplate showing severe destruction of its surface. <b>D.</b> Close up of the ventral part of the anterior endplate. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ant, anterior; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; dia, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; nsp, neural spine; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; syn, synapophysis; trp, transverse process.</p

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. CT scans of the fused vertebrae MB.R.1972.

<p><b>A.</b> Sagittal section along the midline of the vertebrae. <b>B.</b> Sagittal section through the left lateral part of the vertebrae. <b>C.</b> Transverse section through the anterior vertebra. <b>D.</b> Transverse section through the intervertebral space, showing a ring-like structure. For the location of sections, please see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g003" target="_blank">Figures 3A</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g004" target="_blank">4C</a>. Abbreviations: ivs, intervertebral space; nc, neural canal; nsp, neural spine; trp, transverse process.</p

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. Fused vertebrae MB.R.1972 derived from the thoracic region.

<p><b>A, B.</b> Anterior view. <b>C, D.</b> Posterior view. The dashed lines in (C) show the location of sections illustrated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g007" target="_blank">Figure 7A, B</a>. Abbreviations: cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; dia, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; nsp, neural spine; par, parapophysis; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; prz, prezygapophyses; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; trp, transverse process.</p

Phytosauria indet. from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt. Fused vertebrae MB.R.1972 derived from the thoracic region.

<p><b>A, B.</b> Right lateral view. <b>C, D.</b> Ventral view. E, F. Dorsal view. The dashed lines in (A) show the location of sections illustrated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085511#pone-0085511-g007" target="_blank">Figure 7C, D</a>. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ant, anterior; bu, bulge; but, buttress; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; dia, diapophysis; ep, epipophys; nf, nutrient foramina; nsp, neural spine; par, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; trp, transverse process.</p

Reconstruction of a phytosaur skeleton (<i>Rutiodon</i>), redrawn from [55].

<p>Phytosaurs superficially resemble crocodiles in their habitus and probably had a similar amphibious lifestyle and ecology.</p