Vulnerabilidade social se associa com o diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes tipo II: uma análise multinível

Objective: analyze the contextual factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus in Belo Horizonte. Methods: cross-sectional study with 5779 adults living in Belo Horizonte, participating in the Risk and Protection Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), in the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. Multilevel regression models were used to test the association between contextual indicators of the physical and social environment and self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, adjusted for individual sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive analyzes and multilevel logistic regression models were used, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.54 - 6.92) and 3.1% of the variability of chance of diabetes were explained by contextual characteristics. Living in areas with high density of private places for physical activity and high income was associated with a lower chance of having diabetes. The areas with high level of social vulnerability were strongly associated with the chance of diabetes, adjusted for individual characteristics. Conclusion: characteristics of the physical and social environment were associated with the chance of occurrence of diabetes. Urban centers with opportunities to adopt healthy behaviors can help to reduce the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.Objetivo: analisar os fatores contextuais associados ao diabetes mellitus tipo II em Belo Horizonte. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 5779 adultos residentes em Belo Horizonte, participantes do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e de Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel), nos anos de 2008, 2009 e 2010. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão multinível para testar a associação entre indicadores contextuais do ambiente físico e social e diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes, ajustados por fatores individuais sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida. Utilizou-se análises descritivas e modelos de regressão logística multinível, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes foi 6,2% (IC95%: 5,54 - 6,92) e 3,1% da variabilidade da chance de diabetes nas áreas de abrangência estudadas foi explicada por características contextuais. Residir em áreas com alta densidade de locais privados para prática de atividade física e com alta renda associou-se a menor chance de ter diabetes. As áreas com alto índice de vulnerabilidade social foram fortemente associadas ao diabetes, independente de características individuais. Conclusão: a ocorrência de diabetes está associada com as características do ambiente físico e social. Centros urbanos com oportunidades para adoção de comportamentos saudáveis podem ajudar a reduzir a ocorrência de diabetes e as suas complicações

Prevalência de incapacidade funcional em idosos: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde

Objective: to verify the prevalence of functional disability to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey, whose sample was 7,373 elderly. Results: the prevalence of functional incapacity for basic and instrumental activities was 8.4% (Confidence Interval 95.0%: 7.4-9.4) and 22.0% (Confidence Interval 95.0%: 20 , 4-23.6), respectively, being higher in females, in those older (>75) and without levels of education. Demographic aspects, such as lower age and male sex, attenuated the prevalence of disability. Conclusion: the elderly showed a higher prevalence of functional disability for instrumental activities such as shopping, administering finances, taking medicines and going out on their own

Fatores associados à elevada exposição ao comportamento sedentário em pessoas idosas: uma análise com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário em pessoas idosas. Método Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019 com 22.728 pessoas idosas do Brasil. O desfecho foi o comportamento sedentário e as exposições: características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, características do domicílio e doenças crônicas. Foi empregada a regressão logística múltipla e um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A prevalência do comportamento sedentário foi 32,8% (IC95%: 31,8-33,8).Verificou-se maior chance para o desfecho no sexo feminino (OR =1,20; IC 95%: 1,08-1,34), entre as faixas etárias de 70 a 79 anos (OR = 1,22; IC 95%: 1,09-1,36) e 80 anos ou mais (OR=1,18; IC 95%: 1,02-1,36); entre pessoas idosas quem não tem companheiro (OR= 1,27; IC95%: 1,14-1,41); diabéticos (OR =1,17; IC 95%: 1,06-1,30), hipertensos (OR =1,34; IC 95%: 1,18-1,51), naqueles que tiveram Acidente Vascular Cerebral (OR = 1,61; IC 95%: 1,32-1,96) e naqueles que não têm lugar para praticar atividade física próximo do domicilio (OR =1,16; IC95%:1,05-1,29). Pessoas idosas com baixa escolaridade (OR = 0,71; IC 95%: 0,61- 0,82), e residentes em zona rural (OR = 0,53; IC 95%: 0,47-0,61) possuem menores chances de comportamento sedentário. Conclusão Mulheres, maiores faixas etárias (a partir dos 70 anos), pessoas com diabetes, hipertensão e que já tiveram AVE, e que não possuem locais para prática de atividade física próximo à residência foram associados à elevada exposição ao comportamento sedentário. Enquanto, viver em zonas rurais e possuir menor escolaridade apresentaram associação inversa a esse comportamento de risco

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data