Characterization of Ni-containing goethites by Mossbauer spectroscopy and other techniques

A set of goethite samples from the oxidized level of Vermelho Ni-lateritic deposit was investigated by TEM, XRD, TGA-DTA, FTIR and Mossbauer spectroscopy and compared to a series of synthetic goethite samples, with similar Ni content. Natural Ni-containing goethite presents poor crystallinity and does not incorporate more than about 4 mol% Ni. Natural goethite particles also contain significant amounts of Al and Cr (1.6 and 0.7 mol%, in average, respectively). The wavenumbers of the OH deformation vibration bands delta-OH (in-plane vibration) and lengthening gamma-OH (out of plane vibration) are coarsely negatively correlated with Ni content. The weight loss during the thermal analysis of synthetic samples shows a good linear relationship with Ni content, pointing to a proton uptake in order to compensate a possible charge imbalance due to a Ni2+ for Fe3+ substitution. The Mossbauer spectra of Ni-goethite present one sextet whose parameters are in agreement with those usually reported for goethite. The magnitude of the hyperfine field slightly decreases with increasing Ni, while the other parameters remain unchanged. These variations may be explained by Ni incorporation, but also by differences in the crystallinity. The effect of the low Ni concentration in our samples was a weak to medium correlation of the analytical signals with the Ni content in goethite, but when considered together, the results indicate that isomorphic substitution is occurring.1424173255957

Antimicrobial consumption in pediatric intensive care units during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic

AbstractIntroductionThe absence of standardized treatment for critical children admitted in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with COVID could lead to an increase in antimicrobial consumption, as indirect effect.AimTo describe trends of antimicrobial consumption in two PICUs before and during the COVID pandemic year.MethodsWe did a retrospective study in children admitted in two PICUs of Rio de Janeiro city, between March 2019 and March 2021. The first year represented the pre-pandemic period and the last one the pandemic period. Trends of antimicrobial consumption were measured by days of therapy (DOT/1000 patient-days) and analyzed by linear regression for antibiotics, antivirals and antifungalsResultsNumber of patients-days in the PICU 1 was 3495 in the pre-pandemic period and 3600 in the pandemic period. The overall DOT/1000 PD of antibiotics, antivirals and antifungal was 15,308.1, 942.8 and 1,691.1, respectively in the pre-pandemic period and 13,481.5, 1,335.4 and 1,243.7, respectively in pandemic period. It was verified trend of reduction of antibiotic and antifungals and increase in antivirals consumption. Number of patients-days in the PICU 2 was 5029 in the pre-pandemic period and 4557 in the pandemic period and the overall DOT/1000 PD of antibiotics, antivirals and antifungal was 16,668.5, 1,385 and 1,966.7, respectively in the pre-pandemic period and 10,896.5, 830.7 and 677.3 in pandemic period. It was verified trend of reduction of antibiotic, antivirals and antifungals consumption.ConclusionTrends of antimicrobial consumption reduction were verified for antibiotics and antifungals in two PICUs and reduction for antiviral in one of them</jats:sec

New evidence for a presynaptic action of prednisolone at neuromuscular junctions

The action of prednisolone at the neuromuscular junction was studied in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm and rat external popliteal/sciatic nerve-tibialis anterior muscle preparations. Prednisolone (0.03 mM and 0.3 mM) did not alter the twitch-tension in phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations after 120 min, but increased the frequency (170 +/- 4%) and amplitude (200 +/- 13%) of miniature end-plate potentials. Quantal content was not influenced by the glucocorticoid treatment. Prednisolone (400 mug/kg) did not change the twitch-tension in rat external popliteal/sciatic nerve-tibialls anterior muscle preparations. However, this steroid (0.3 mM) prevented the neuromuscular blockade by d-tubocurarine (1.45 muM) in mouse preparations by 70 +/- 10% (P < 0.05). A similar effect (82 +/- 6% protection, P < 0.05) occurred in rats treated with prednisolone (400 mug/kg) before d-tubocurarine (225 mug/kg). In phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations, prednisolone (0.3 mM) increased (13 4%, p < 0.05) the twitch-tension in the presence of &beta;-bungarotoxin (1 &mu;M), and prevented the blockade produced by this toxin (0.15 &mu;M) in its third phase of action. This presynaptic facilitatory effect may contribute to the usefulness of prednisolone in myasthenia gravis. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.261374

Organogênese direta e aclimatização de plantas de patchouli Direct organogenesis and acclimatization of patchouli

O patchouli é uma espécie aromática cujo óleo essencial é largamente empregado pela indústria de perfumes. A propagação convencional desta espécie é por estaquia, sendo a micropropagação uma alternativa para propagação clonal de indivíduos livres de patógenos em larga escala. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência de combinações de diferentes fontes de auxinas com cinetina sobre a organogênese de patchouli, assim como diferentes tipos de composição de substratos na aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas da espécie. Foram realizados dois ensaios para organogênese. No primeiro, avaliação de cinco concentrações de cinetina (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mg L-1) e quatro concentrações de AIA (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) e no segundo, cinco concentrações de cinetina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1) e três concentrações de ANA (0,0; 0,1 e 0,5 mg L-1). Para aclimatização foram analisados os substratos: pó de coco + fertilizante formulado (NPK 3-12-6 + Ca, S, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e B a 3,0; 2,5; 0,1; 0,025; 0,01; 0,075; 0,05 e 0,0015%, respectivamente) na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBC]; pó de coco + vermiculita (2:1) + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBCV (2:1)]; pó de coco + vermiculita (1:1) + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBCV (1:1)]; pó de coco + 1 g L-1 de calcário + sais do MS [PCMS]; vermiculita acrescido de sais do MS, sendo 15 mL da mistura de sais por planta [VMS]; vermiculita + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 [VMB]. Neste estudo foi observado que a organogênese direta pode ser promovida em meio MS acrescido de 2,47 mg L-1 de cinetina e 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA, sendo as etapas de alongamento, individualização e enraizamento das brotações promovidas em meio MS básico. Já para aclimatização um dos melhores resultados foi obtido com o substrato PBCV (1:1).<br>Patchouli is an aromatic species whose essential oil is largely employed by perfume industry. This conventional propagation is carried out using cuttings. Micropropagation is an alternative for clonal propagation of pathogens free individuals in large scale. We analyzed the influence of different combinations of auxins and kinetin in patchouli organogenesis and different kinds of substrate mixtures for the acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets. Two tests of organogenesis induction were carried out. In the first, five kinetin concentrations (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 mg L&#8209;1) and four IAA concentrations (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) were tested, and in the second, five kinetin concentrations (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) and three NAA concentrations (0.0; 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1). For acclimatization the following substrates were analyzed: coconut dust + formulated fertilizer (NPK 3-12-6 + Ca, S, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and B at 3.0; 2.5; 0.1; 0.025; 0.01; 0.075; 0.05 and 0.0015%, respectively) at the concentration of 12 g L-1 + limestone (1 g L-1) [PBC]; coconut dust + vermiculite (2:1) + formulated fertilizer at the concentration of 12 g L-1 + limestone (1 g L-1) [PBCV (2:1)]; coconut dust + vermiculite (1:1 v/v) + formulated fertilizer at the concentration of 12 g L-1 + limestone (1 g L-1) [PBCV (1:1)]; coconut dust + limestone (1 g L-1) + MS salts [PCMS]; vermiculite added with MS salts, using 15 mL of the salt mixture per plant [VMS]; vermiculite + formulated fertilizer at the concentration of 12 g L-1 [VMB]. Direct organogenesis can be promoted by MS medium supplemented with 2.47 mg L-1 of kinetin and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA. The shoot elongation, individualization and shoot rooting steps, however, were promoted in MS medium without growth regulators. For acclimatization one of the best results was obtained using PBCV (1:1)

A crian��a e seus direitos na família e na sociedade: uma cartografia das leis e resoluções El niño y sus derechos en la familia y en la sociedad: una cartografía de las leyes y de las resoluciones The rigths of the child in family and in society: cartography of laws and resolutions

Esta pesquisa compreende uma revisão documental das leis, resoluções e outros documentos referentes ao direito das crianças e adolescentes existentes no Brasil e exterior, objetivando com isso uma compreensão e um conhecimento maior sobre a criança e seus direitos. Os documentos selecionados foram: a Declaração dos Direitos da Criança de 1959; a Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988; a Carta da Criança Hospitalizada de 1988; o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990; e os Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente Hospitalizados (Resolução 41/95). Realizamos leitura flutuante de todos os documentos, citamos artigos relevantes ao tema, ressaltando algumas considerações. Concluímos que já existem legislações que protegem o direito da criança, porém é necessário garantir o usufruto desses direitos.<br>Esta investigación comprende una revisión documental de las leyes, resoluciones y otros documentos referentes al derecho de los niños y adolescentes en Brasil y en el exterior y tiene como objetivo una comprensión y un conocimiento mayor sobre el niño y sus derechos. Los documentos seleccionados han sido: la Declaración de los Derechos del Niño de 1959; la Constitución Federal de Brasil de 1988; la Carta del Niño Hospitalizado, de 1988; el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente de 1990; y los Derechos del Niño y del Adolescente Hospitalizados (Resolución 41/95). Hemos realizado lectura fluctuante de todos los documentos, citamos artículos relevantes al tema y resaltamos algunas consideraciones. Hemos concluido que ya existen legislaciones que protegen el derecho de los niños, pero es necesario garantizar el usufructo de esos derechos.<br>This research is a documental review of laws, resolutions and others documents related to children and adolescents' rights existing in Brazil and overseas, aiming thus a comprehension and greater knowledge about the child and his rights. The documents chosen were:1959's Pronouncement of Child Rights; 1988's Federal Constitution of Brazil; 1988's Letter of Hospitalized Child; 1990&acute;s Statute of Child and Adolescent; and the Rights of Child and Adolescent hospitalized (Resolution 41/95). We did floating reading of all documents, mentioning relevant articles to theme, highlighting some considerations. We conclude that already exist legislations that protect the right of child, though it is necessary to ensure the use of these rights