Transcription levels of two actin genes (SmAct and SmAct2), cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (SmCOXII), triosephosphate ssomerase (TPI), and a putative translation regulatory protein EIF-5 during the first seven days of in vitro development of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula

After penetration into the mammalian host, the Schistosoma mansoni cercariae transforms into schistosomula. This immature larval form of the parasite migrates via the circulatory system of the host through the lungs, reaching the hepatic portal system where it matures and couples. A number of morphologic, behavioral and metabolic changes that take place during the development of the parastie have been well characterized. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate these changes at the gene level are still limited. In this paper we describe attempts we have undertaken to better understand some of these mechanisms

Bis(tetra­phenyl­phospho­nium) tris­[N-(methyl­sulfon­yl)dithio­carbimato(2−)-κ2 S,S′]stannate(IV)

In the title complex, (C24H20P)2[Sn(C2H3NO2S3)3], the SnIV atom is coordinated by three N-(methyl­sulfon­yl)dithio­carbimate bidentate ligands through the anionic S atoms in a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. There is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit; the complex is located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the cation and bis­ecting one of the (non-symmetric) ligands, which appears thus disordered over two sites of equal occupancy. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions contribute to the packing stabilization

Seleção de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. para controle do ácaro Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar)

The green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is considered to be one of the key pests in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crants, leading to considerable field losses. In this study, ten Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and ten Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. isolates were evaluated with regard to their potential as biological control agents against adult M. tanajoa females. The total mortality percentage of M. tanajoa caused by B. bassiana ranged from 13.0 to 97.0%, with confirmed mortality rates extending from 9.0 to 91.0% and LT50 varying from 4.2 to 17.0 days. The M. anisopliae isolates showed total mortality percentages ranging from 12.0 to 45.0% with confirmed mortality rates extending from 8.0 to 45.0%, and LT50 varying from 8.6 to 19.8 days. Lethal Concentrations (LC50) of 3.93 × 10(6) conidia mL-1 and 7.44 × 10(8) conidia mL-1 were determined for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively. B. bassiana isolate 645 was the most efficient, being an alternative for use in biological control programs against the cassava green mite.O ácaro verde Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae) causa desfolhamento em mandioca Manihot esculenta Crants, proporcionando perdas na produção. Esse trabalho objetivou selecionar isolados dos fungos Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. para utilização no controle desse ácaro. Foram utilizados dez isolados de B. bassiana e dez isolados de M. anisopliae , sobre fêmeas adultas de M. tanajoa. A percentagem de mortalidade total por B. bassiana variou de 13,0 a 97,0%, com mortalidade confirmada de 9,0 a 91,0%, e o tempo letal (TL50) variou entre 4,2 e 17,0. Os isolados de M. anisopliae, provocaram 12,0 a 45,0% de mortalidade total e 8,0 a 45,0% de mortalidade confirmada e TL50 entre 8,6 e 19,8 dias. Estimaram-se os valores das concentrações letais (CL50) de 3,93 . 10(6) conídios mL-1 e 7,44 . 10(8) conídios mL-1, para os isolados 645 de B. bassiana e CG 321 de M. anisopliae, respectivamente. O isolado 645 de B. bassiana foi mais eficiente, sugerindo sua utilização em programas de controle biológico do ácaro verde da mandioca

Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica de pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise de acordo com o national kidney foundation, o kidney disease outcomes quality initiative – KDOQI em centro de referência de hemodiálise na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil

Introduction: hemodialysis is a treatment that helps in the survival of patients with renal failure, through an established cardiopulmonary bypass to carry out blood filtration, as a result, there is a need for a feasible, lasting and effective vascular access. There are two types of vascular access, arteriovenous fistulas, using autogenous veins or prostheses, and venous catheters. The indications for choosing the type of vascular access are related to the characteristics and restriction of use of each patient. Objective: to analyze the epidemiological, demographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis in two reference services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and compare the clinical-surgical processes with those defined by the Kidney Guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Methods: data were collected in two public hospitals, with patients undergoing hemodialysis, through registration forms and medical records, from August to December 2016. The volunteers were informed about the procedures and objectives of the study and, after agreeing, they signed a consent form. The variables age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, hemodialysis time, types of accesses already used , complications related to the accesses and underlying disease were analyzed. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis of both genders, with no age restriction, were included. Patients not able to perform one of the techniques, arteriovenous fistula or catheter, were excluded . The collected data were compared with the Kidney guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Results: a total of 252 individuals were included, of which 182 are patients undergoing reference hospital treatment in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, SP and 70 patients at the State University Hospital Mário Covas, a State reference in the clinical management of patients undergoing hemodialysis care. Conclusion: chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent with progression to end-stage chronic kidney failure (dialysis). The definition of the epidemiological profile of the population undergoing treatment, as well as the journey of venous accesses for hemodialysis (catheters and fistulas), are fundamental for the multidisciplinary team’s learning curve about complications throughout the course of the disease/treatment. Furthermore, the clinical-surgical management of this population is in line with the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation. The treatment performed in these hemodialysis centers is efficient and in line with what the KDOQI recommends.Introdução: a hemodiálise é um tratamento que auxilia na sobrevida de pacientes com insuficiência renal, por meio de uma circulação extracorpórea estabelecida para a realização da filtração do sangue, em consequência, há necessidade de um acesso vascular factível, duradouro e eficaz. Existem dois tipos de acesso vascular, as fístulas arteriovenosas, utilizando-se veias autógenas ou próteses, e os cateteres venosos. As indicações para a escolha do tipo de acesso vascular estão relacionadas com a característica e restrição de uso de cada paciente. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico, demográfico e clínico dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise em dois serviços de referência na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil e comparar os processos clínicos-cirúrgicos com aqueles definidos pela Diretrizes do Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Método: foram realizadas coletas de dados em dois hospitais da rede pública, junto aos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise, através de ficha cadastral e prontuários, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2016. Os voluntários foram informados sobre os procedimentos e objetivos do estudo e, após concordarem, assinaram um Termo de Consentimento. Foram analisadas as variáveis idade, sexo, peso, altura, índice de massa corpórea, tempo de hemodiálise, tipos de acessos já utilizados, complicações referentes aos acessos e doença de base. Foram incluídos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise de ambos os sexos, sem restrição de idade. Os pacientes não aptos à realização a umas das técnicas, fístula arteriovenosa ou cateter, foram excluídos. Os dados levantados foram comparados com as diretrizes do Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Resultados: realizou-se a inclusão de 252 indivíduos, dos quais 182 são pacientes em tratamento hospitalar de referência na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo, SP e 70 pacientes do Hospital Universitário Estadual Mário Covas, referência Estadual na condução clínica dos pacientes em cuidados de hemodiálise. Conclusão: a doença renal crônica é de alta prevalência com evolução para a insuficiência renal crônica em estágio final (dialítica). A definição do perfil epidemiológico da população em tratamento, bem como a jornada dos acessos venosos para hemodiálise (cateteres e fístulas), são fundamentais para a curva de aprendizado da equipe multiprofissional acerca das complicações ao longo do curso da doença/tratamento. Ainda, a condução clínico-cirúrgica desta população está em linha com as diretrizes da National Kidney Foundation. O tratamento realizado nestes centros de hemodiálise é eficiente e alinhado ao que o KDOQI preconiza

Analysis of Freight Trip Generation Model for Food and Beverage in Belo Horizonte (Brazil)

Today, one of the main challenges faced in urban logistics is the distribution of goods. In Brazil, mid to large cities have experienced consequences of unplanned urban sprawl and lack of adequate transportation infrastructure. The relationship between urban planning and transport stands out the attractiveness of some urban activities with direct impacts on the movement of people and goods and other component elements of urban space. The segment of bars and restaurants falls within this context, therefore is a vital activity responsible for significant percentage of jobs and revenue in a city. Altogether, foods & beverages commercial activities move daily large volumes of goods to meet the need of customers. This paper presents the results of a freight trip generation model developed for pubs and restaurants in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Once performed the model determined the number of trips generated per day per establishment. In order to expand the discrete result to a continuous one, the results were geographically interpolated to a continuous surface and extrapolated within the city limits. The data for the freight trip generation model were obtained by survey. For this, we designed a structured questionnaire to obtain information about goods, frequency, operational time, place of performance of the loading/unloading of goods, establishment size and the number of employees. Besides these information, we investigated the acceptance of alternative practices in the delivery of goods, such as off-peak delivery. To accomplish the proposed models, we applied a simple linear regression, correlating the following variables: (i) Number of trips versus area of the establishment; (ii) Number of trips versus number of employees; (iii) Number of trips versus operation day of the establishment. With the results of the linear regression for travel generations, conducted the data interpolation based on the standard deviation of the results to define the sample classification bands. This interpolation method was chosen because it is one of the most suitable for analysis of spatially scattered points due to the straightforwardness of the model and because it does not consider extra noise such as slope and spatial constraints as barriers. In this method, interpolation is determined by the value assigned to each point (in this case the number of trips), wherein the closer the points the higher the correlation trend. Finally, the resulting trip generation surface was analysed together with other geographic data such as demographic data, road network density and socioeconomic data. Findings indicate the importance of a mathematic-geographic model for trip generation as a feasible approach for support transportation planning & operation for urban goods distribution. Critical information such as the high concentration of pubs and restaurants in the same region can reinforce the vocation of the city for trading. However, an elevated number of freight vehicles to meet a high and growing demand becomes a problem specially in areas where urban road network is not efficient (not properly designed and parking spaces not properly used). This study also highlights the need for an urban freight mobility plan and public policies, by offering sustainable alternatives for urban goods distribution, which improve the urban environment. By using geospatial analysis, the study delivered statistics data and maps to catch the attention of decision makers and transportation managers, therefore facilitate the discussion on transportation policies in the city of Belo Horizonte

Objetivos, contradições e atuação da África do Sul no G20

 This article aims at presenting the problems generated by the different positions assumed by South Africa concerning the international economy. After that, it will be discussed South African role in G20, emphasizing the representation issue of the African continent in the G20. A proposta do artigo é apresentar os problemas gerados pelas diferentes posições assumidas pela África do Sulno que concerneàs questões econômicas internacionais para, posteriormente, abordar sua atuação no G20, enfatizando aquestão representacional do continente africanono âmbito do G20

Qualidade de vida de pessoas convivendo com HIV/aids: relação temporal, sociodemográfica e perceptiva da saúde

Objetivo: analizar la calidad de vida de personas con HIV/SIDA y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y satisfacción con salud, así como con el tiempo de diagnóstico. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con muestra de 100 personas seropositivas acompañadas en servicio especializado en la región sureste de Brasil. Se utilizaron formularios sociodemográfico y de salud, y también el WHOQOL-HIV Bref (forma abreviada de instrumento validado en la evaluación de la calidad de vida). Se empleó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: la percepción de la calidad de vida fue intermedia en todos los dominios de la calidad de vida. Se identificó relación entre mayor satisfacción con salud y mejor calidad de vida, así como diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones de la calidad de vida según género, situación de empleo, renta familiar, renta personal, orientación religiosa y tiempo de diagnóstico. Conclusiones: el tiempo de diagnóstico de la infección por el HIV posibilita reconfigurar la percepción de la calidad de vida, así como la espiritualidad; y las relaciones sociales pueden auxiliar en el enfrentamiento de la vivencia con esta enfermedad.Objective: to analyze the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, health satisfaction and time since diagnosis. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 100 HIV positive people monitored in a specialized service in southeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic and health forms were applied, followed by the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, a short form instrument validated to evaluate the quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: the perception of quality of life was intermediate in all quality of life domains. A relationship was identified between greater satisfaction with health and better quality of life, as well as statistically significant differences among the dimensions of quality of life according to gender, employment status, family income, personal income, religious beliefs and time since diagnosis. Conclusions: the time since the diagnosis of HIV infection enables reconfigurations in the perception of quality of life, while spirituality and social relationships can assist in coping with living with this disease.Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com HIV/aids e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, satisfação com saúde, bem como tempo de diagnóstico. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, com amostra de 100 pessoas soropositivas acompanhadas em serviço especializado na região sudeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se formulários sociodemográfico e de saúde, seguido pelo WHOQOL-HIV Bref, forma abreviada de instrumento validado na avaliação da qualidade de vida. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a percepção da qualidade de vida foi intermediária em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida. Identificou-se relação entre maior satisfação com saúde e melhor qualidade de vida, bem como diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre dimensões da qualidade de vida segundo gênero, situação empregatícia, renda familiar, renda pessoal, orientação religiosa e tempo de diagnóstico. Conclusões: o tempo de diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV possibilita reconfigurações na percepção da qualidade de vida, bem como a espiritualidade e as relações sociais podem auxiliar no enfrentamento da vivência com esta doença

Excretory-Secretory Products from Hookworm L3 and Adult Worms Suppress Proinflammatory Cytokines in Infected Individuals

We compared the effects of larval and adult worm excretory-secretory (ES) products from hookworm on the proliferative responses and cytokine secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from hookwormpatients and egg-negative, nonendemic controls. When compared with negative controls, mitogen-stimulated PBMC from hookworm-infected individuals showed a significantly reduced proliferative response when adult worm ES antigen was added to the cultures. Furthermore, in hookworm-infected individuals a significant downmodulation of inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion resulted when PBMCs were stimulated with mitogen in combination with larval or adult worm ES. Both, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10 secretion were significantly lower in stimulated PBMC from infected individuals; however the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was much lower in hookworm-infected patients. Comparable effects, although at lower concentrations, were achieved when PBMCs from both groups were incubated with living hookworm third-stage larvae. We suggest that hookworm ES products downmodulate proliferative responses and inflammation during the chronic phase of the disease and facilitate early larval survival or adult worm persistence in the gut