Cork Oak Seedling Growth under Different Soil Conditions from Fertilisation, Mycorrhizal Fungi and Amino Acid Application

Regeneration process deals with some constrains related with the livestock management, pasture rotations, and dependence of a sequence of favourable climatic years, among others, which can lead to a continuous delay in the initiation of the regeneration process. The purpose of this study is to promote an increase of cork oak seedling growth in order to decrease the time required for regeneration and also to contribute to avoid the effect of post-transplant stress on cork oak. With this objective, a study was carried out on a greenhouse, where the effect of fertilisation, mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, and amino acid supply were tested. Results showed that cork oak seedling capability to growth, expressed as total seedling dry weight, was positively affected by treatments, except when only fertilisation was applied. We verified that cork oak seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi presented better results in terms of aerial structures growth. Any of the treatments was suitable to contribute positively for tap root and total belowground dry weight accumulation. Only fine roots structures were sensitive to treatments effects; it was verified that both inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings subjected to fertilisation were capable to invest largely on the production of these structures (33 and 30%, respectively). To reinforce the cork oak seedling growth, the equilibrium between fertilisers and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation would probably be the better option to enhance the cork oak regeneration process. Thus, the balance between shoot and root systems growth would be guaranteed, fertilisation mainly for root system and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation for shoot growth

Effects of bromopride on the healing of left colon anastomoses of rats

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a formação de aderências e a cicatrização de anastomoses de cólon esquerdo de ratos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 40 ratos, divididos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo de estudo- E) ou solução fisiológica (grupo controle- C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais cada, para eutanásia no terceiro (E3 e C3) ou no sétimo dia (E7 e C7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo e anastomose término-terminal. No dia da relaparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderências e removido um segmento colônico contendo a anastomose para análise histopatológica, da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à evolução clínica. Dois animais do grupo de estudo apresentaram deiscência de anastomose bloqueada. Os animais que receberam bromoprida apresentaram número de aderências intracavitárias e aderências à anastomose semelhantes ao grupo controle. As anastomoses dos animais do grupo E3 apresentaram menor resistência de ruptura do que as do grupo C3 (p=0,04). Este efeito não ocorreu no sétimo dia de pós-operatório (p=0,37). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à histopatologia ou concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses. Conclusão: O uso da bromoprida está associado à diminuição da resistência tênsil de anastomoses do cólon esquerdo de ratos no terceiro dia de pós-operatório.Objective: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the formation of adhesions and anastomotic healing in the left colon of rats. Methods: We divided 40 rats into two groups of 20 animals, administration of bromopride (study group-E) or saline (control group- C). Each group was divided into subgroups containing 10 animals each for euthanasia in the third (C3 and E3) or the seventh (E7 and C7) postoperative days. The rats were submitted to section of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis. On the day of reoperation, we evaluated the total amount of adhesions and removed a colonic segment containing the anastomosis for histopathological analysis, assessment of rupture strength and hydroxyproline concentration. Results: There was no difference between groups in relation to clinical outcome. Two animals in the study group had blocked anastomotic leakage. The animals that received bromopride had the number of intracavitary adhesions and adhesions to the anastomosis similar to the control group. The anastomoses from the group E3 animals showed lower resistance to rupture the one from the C3 group (p = 0.04). This effect did not occur on the seventh postoperative day (p = 0.37). There was no significant difference between groups in relation to histopathology and hydroxyproline concentration in the anastomoses. Conclusion: The use of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength of left colon anastomosis in rats in the third postoperative day