APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE NITROGÊNIO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS FENOLÓGICOS NA CULTURA DA SOJA

A inoculação é a principal forma de suprimento de N na cultura de soja no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada via foliar em diferentes estádios na cultura da soja. O trabalho foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (DBC) com nove tratamentos. A testemunha não recebeu adubação foliar, apenas inoculação pelas bactérias via sementes; os outros tratamentos receberam 10 kg/ha de N na forma de ureia nos estádios fenológicos V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 e R4 via foliar. A cultivar utilizada foi a Desafio RR. No estádio R5 avaliaram-se o índice de clorofila, a área foliar, o número de folhas, o número de nódulos, a matéria seca dos nódulos, a matéria seca das raízes, a matéria seca das partes aéreas e o diâmetro do caule. Na maturação fisiológica determinaram-se os componentes de produtividade, altura de plantas, o número de vagens, o número de grãos por vagens, a massa de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. A aplicação de nitrogênio só ocorreu incremento na fase inicial estádio V2. Portanto o maior rendimento de produtividade ocorre quando se aplica N no estádio V2, no entanto, na composição entre elas, não justifica o retorno financeiro.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada; nutrição foliar; rendimento. FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NITROGEN IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN SOYBEAN CULTURE ABSTRACT:Inoculation is the main form of N supply in soybean culture in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization via leaf at different stages in soybean culture. The work was carried out in randomized blocks (DBC) with nine treatments. The control did not receive foliar fertilization, only inoculation by bacteria via seeds; the other treatments received 10 kg / ha of N as urea in the phenological stages V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 and R4 via leaf. The cultivar used was Desafio RR. At the R5 stage, the chlorophyll index, leaf area, number of leaves, number of nodules, dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots, dry matter of aerial parts and stem diameter were evaluated. In the physiological maturation, the components of productivity, plant height, the number of pods, the number of grains per pod, the mass of 1000 grains and the productivity were determined. The nitrogen application only increased in the initial stage V2. Therefore, the highest productivity yield occurs when N is applied at stage V2, however, in the composition between them, it does not justify the financial return.Key words: nitrogen fertilization; leaf nutrition; yield

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE NITROGÊNIO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS FENOLÓGICOS NA CULTURA DA SOJA

A inoculação é a principal forma de suprimento de N na cultura de soja no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada via foliar em diferentes estádios na cultura da soja. O trabalho foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (DBC) com nove tratamentos. A testemunha não recebeu adubação foliar, apenas inoculação pelas bactérias via sementes; os outros tratamentos receberam 10 kg/ha de N na forma de ureia nos estádios fenológicos V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 e R4 via foliar. A cultivar utilizada foi a Desafio RR. No estádio R5 avaliaram-se o índice de clorofila, a área foliar, o número de folhas, o número de nódulos, a matéria seca dos nódulos, a matéria seca das raízes, a matéria seca das partes aéreas e o diâmetro do caule. Na maturação fisiológica determinaram-se os componentes de produtividade, altura de plantas, o número de vagens, o número de grãos por vagens, a massa de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. A aplicação de nitrogênio só ocorreu incremento na fase inicial estádio V2. Portanto o maior rendimento de produtividade ocorre quando se aplica N no estádio V2, no entanto, na composição entre elas, não justifica o retorno financeiro.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada; nutrição foliar; rendimento. FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NITROGEN IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN SOYBEAN CULTURE ABSTRACT:Inoculation is the main form of N supply in soybean culture in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization via leaf at different stages in soybean culture. The work was carried out in randomized blocks (DBC) with nine treatments. The control did not receive foliar fertilization, only inoculation by bacteria via seeds; the other treatments received 10 kg / ha of N as urea in the phenological stages V2, V4, V6, V8, R1, R2, R3 and R4 via leaf. The cultivar used was Desafio RR. At the R5 stage, the chlorophyll index, leaf area, number of leaves, number of nodules, dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots, dry matter of aerial parts and stem diameter were evaluated. In the physiological maturation, the components of productivity, plant height, the number of pods, the number of grains per pod, the mass of 1000 grains and the productivity were determined. The nitrogen application only increased in the initial stage V2. Therefore, the highest productivity yield occurs when N is applied at stage V2, however, in the composition between them, it does not justify the financial return.Key words: nitrogen fertilization; leaf nutrition; yield

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology