Содержание языковой идентификации в процессе межкультурного взаимодействия

The article considers the issues for determining the content features of the language identification mechanisms in cross-cultural communication. Their realizing helps to overcome the miscommunication arising as a result of the difficulty for coordinating the interests of participants in cross-cultural communication, who perceive each other within the emerging stereotypes. The article considers the ideas of W. von Humboldt and his follower L. Weisgerber, who became the harbingers of a new view on realizing communication within the relations between culture and language. Their interpretation of the language identification of culture influenced establishing anthropocentric ideas on the language as a mechanism for implementing cultural reflection. So W. von Humboldt comes to the conclusion that the language is not just a means of communication, but the basis for developing internal spiritual forces of a person, the implementation of which is provided by the language creation activity; the language creation activity indicates that the language should be considered as a creative process in the culture implementation. Weisgerber L. has a similar understanding of the language, he considers the language ability as a mental activity characterized not only by static assimilation of culture, but also by a dynamic attitude to it. The logic of W. von Humboldt and L. Weisgerber’s arguments allows us to come to a conclusion about the necessity for realizing the language identification in cross-cultural communication within cultural relativism, in which the recognition of differences as natural characteristics of culture is realized. Thus, realizing cross-cultural communication is determined by forming cultural pluralism. So, it determines the significance of specific situations for cross-cultural communication. The openness of these situations establishes the language identification of culture, focused on language creation revealing the content of culture as a dynamic and incomplete formation in its developmentСтатья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов определения содержательных особенностей механизмов языковой идентификации в процессе межкультурного взаимодействия. Их понимание способствует преодолению дискоммуникации, которая возникает в результате сложности согласования интересов участников межкультурной коммуникации, которые воспринимают друг друга сквозь призму складывающихся стереотипов. В работе рассматриваются идеи В. фон Гумбольдта и его последователя Л. Вайсгербера, которые стали предвестниками нового взгляда на понимание коммуникации сквозь призму отношений языка и культуры. Их толкование языковой идентификации культуры во многом определили формирование антропоцентристских представлений о языке как механизме реализации культурной рефлексии. Так, В. фон Гумбольдт приходит к выводу о том, что язык – это не просто средство общения, а основа развития внутренних духовных сил человека, реализация которых обеспечивается языкотворческой активностью, которая свидетельствует о том, что язык следует рассматривать как созидающий процесс в осуществлении культуры. Близким к такому пониманию языка оказывается Л. Вайсгербер, который рассматривает языковую способность как мыслительную активность, характеризуемую не только статическим усвоением культуры, но и динамическим отношением к ней. Логика рассуждений В. фон Гумбольдта и Л. Вайсгербера позволяет сделать вывод о необходимости осмысления языковой идентификации межкультурного взаимодействия сквозь призму культурного релятивизма, в котором реализуется признание различий как естественных характеристик культуры. В этом ключе понимание межкультурного взаимодействия определяется формированием культурного плюрализма, определяющего значимость конкретных ситуаций межкультурной коммуникации. Открытость этих ситуаций формирует языковую идентификацию культуры, ориентированную на языкотворчество, открывающее содержание культуры как динамичного и незавершенного в своем развитии образовани

Artistic Communication in the Modern Exhibition Space of Siberia

Статья раскрывает проблемы художественной коммуникации в организации современного выставочного пространства. Художественные выставки демонстрируют синтез творческих практик, реализующихся с использованием широкого спектра экспозиционных форм и выразительных средств. В работе исследуются особенности осуществления художественной коммуникации в выставочном пространстве, анализируются теоретические основы коммуникативных задач, которые учитываются при организации выставочного пространства. Авторы статьи на примере современных актуальных выставочных проектов, включая региональные выставки («Аз. Арт. Сибирь» – 2019), определяют специфику художественной коммуникации, делая вывод о том, что репрезентация произведений искусства являет собой осуществление интеллектуально-творческой взаимосвязи автора и реципиента в трансляции художественной информации, содержащей определенное отношение к миру, формирующее концептуальное наполнение искусства и его ценностное содержаниеThe article reveals the challenges of artistic communication in the organisation of modern exhibition space. Art exhibitions demonstrate the synthesis of creative practices implemented with the use of a wide range of expositional forms and means of expression. The paper studies the features of the implementation of artistic communication in the exhibition space and analyses theoretical foundations of communication tasks, which are taken into account when organising the exhibition space. Based on contemporary acting exhibition projects, including regional exhibitions (Az. Art. Siberia – 2019), the authors of the article reveal the specific features of artistic communication, concluding that representation of works of art is implementation of the intellectual and creative relationship of the author and the recipient in broadcasting artistic information containing a certain attitude to the world, which forms the conceptual content of art and its value conten

Composition of surface layer bottom sediments from the Chukchi Sea

Abundance of noble metals and bulk chemical composition have been studied in bottom sediments of the Chukchi Sea. Distribution of noble metals and their correlation with major and trace elements in the sediments have been analyzed using multicomponent statistics. It was established that average contents of noble metals in the bottom sediments of the Chukchi Sea significantly exceed those both in shelf terrigenous sediments and stratisphere. Osmium and iridium enrich mixed and pelitic sediments relative to shallow-water sediments and their influx is presumably determined by erosion of coastal and bottom unconsolidated deposits. High Ag, Ru, Au, and Pt contents were identified in clayey sediments enriched in biogenic elements in the some areas of the Southern Chukchi plain (Chukchi Sea) confined to intersection zones of submeridional and sublatitudinal structures of the graben-rift system, which formed in Mesozoic and activated in Late Cenozoic

Reactivity of <i>C</i>‑Amino-1,2,4-triazoles toward Electrophiles: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of Alkylation by Halogen Alkanes

A combination of computational and experimental methods was used to examine the structure–reactivity relationships in the reactions of <i>C</i>-amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles with electrophiles. The global nucleophilicity of 3-amino- and 3,5-diamino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles was predicted to be higher than that of 5-amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles. Fukui functions and molecular electrostatic potential indicate that reactions involving an amino group should occur more easily for the 3-amino- than for the 5-amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles. Increasing electrophile hardness should increase the probability of attack at the N-4 atom of the triazole ring, whereas increasing softness should enhance the probability of attack at the N-2 atom and 3-NH₂ group. Calculated transition state energies of model S_N2 reactions and experimental studies showed that quaternization of 1-substituted 3-amino- and 3,5-diamino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles by many alkyl halides proceeds with low selectivity and can involve the N-2 and N-4 atoms as well as the 3-NH₂ group as reaction centers. A new method for the selective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 3-amino- and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazoles based on quaternization of readily available 1-substituted 3-acetylamino-1,2,4-triazoles with subsequent removal of the acetyl protecting group by acid hydrolysis was developed

Facile Hydrolysis of Nickel(II) Complexes with N‑Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands

Metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) are ubiquitously used in catalysis, where the stability of the metal–ligand framework is a key issue. Our study shows that Ni-NHC complexes may undergo facile decomposition due to the presence of water in organic solvents (hydrolysis). The ability to hydrolyze Ni­(NHC)₂X₂ complexes decreases in the order of NHC = 1,2,4-triazolium > benzimidazolium ≈ imidazolium. Depending on the ligand and substituents, the half reaction time of the complex decomposition may change from several minutes to hours. The nature of the halogen is also an important factor, and the ability for decomposition of the studied complexes decreases in the order of Cl > Br > I. NMR and MS monitoring revealed that Ni-NHC complexes in the presence of water undergo hydrolysis with Ni–C_carbene bond cleavage, affording the corresponding <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dialkylated azolium salts and nickel­(II) hydroxide. These findings are of great importance for designing efficient and recyclable catalytic systems, because trace water is a common contaminant in routine synthetic applications

A New Mode of Operation of Pd-NHC Systems Studied in a Catalytic Mizoroki–Heck Reaction

Metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are typically considered the system of choice for homogeneous catalysis with well-defined molecular active species due to their stable metal–ligand framework. A detailed study involving 19 different Pd-NHC complexes with imidazolium, benzimidazolium, and triazolium ligands has been carried out in the present work and revealed a new mode of operation of metal-NHC systems. The catalytic activity of the studied Pd-NHC systems is predominantly determined by the cleavage of the metal–NHC bond, while the catalyst performance is strongly affected by the stabilization of in situ formed metal clusters. In the present study, the formation of Pd nanoparticles was observed from a broad range of metal complexes with NHC ligands under standard Mizoroki–Heck reaction conditions. A mechanistic analysis revealed two different pathways to connect Pd-NHC complexes to “cocktail”-type catalysis: (i) reductive elimination from a Pd­(II) intermediate and the release of NHC-containing byproducts and (ii) dissociation of NHC ligands from Pd intermediates. Metal-NHC systems are ubiquitously applied in modern organic synthesis and catalysis, while the new mode of operation revealed in the present study guides catalyst design and opens a variety of novel opportunities. As shown by experimental studies and theoretical calculations, metal clusters and nanoparticles can be readily formed from M-NHC complexes after formation of new M–C or M–H bonds followed by C–NHC or H–NHC coupling. Thus, a combination of a classical molecular mode of operation and a novel cocktail-type mode of operation, described in the present study, may be anticipated as an intrinsic feature of M-NHC catalytic systems