Genes in the postgenomic era

We outline three very different concepts of the gene - 'instrumental', 'nominal', and 'postgenomic'. The instrumental gene has a critical role in the construction and interpretation of experiments in which the relationship between genotype and phenotype is explored via hybridization between organisms or directly between nucleic acid molecules. It also plays an important theoretical role in the foundations of disciplines such as quantitative genetics and population genetics. The nominal gene is a critical practical tool, allowing stable communication between bioscientists in a wide range of fields grounded in well-defined sequences of nucleotides, but this concept does not embody major theoretical insights into genome structure or function. The post-genomic gene embodies the continuing project of understanding how genome structure supports genome function, but with a deflationary picture of the gene as a structural unit. This final concept of the gene poses a significant challenge to conventional assumptions about the relationship between genome structure and function, and between genotype and phenotype

Association of the FGF4L2 retrogene with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs

Abstract Background Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCE) is a well‐documented condition in dogs although rarely reported in chondrodystrophic breeds. Genetic associations have not been defined. Objectives Define the association of the chondrodystrophy‐associated FGF4L2 retrogene with histopathologically confirmed cases of FCE. Animals Ninety‐eight dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of FCE. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Dogs were genotyped for the FGF4L2 and FGF4L1 retrogenes using DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. Associations between breed, FCE and retrogene status were investigated with reference to a hospital population and known breed and general population allele frequencies. Results FGF4L2 genotype was defined in 89 FCE cases. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was present in 22 dogs from FGF4L2‐segregating breeds with allele frequencies of ≥5%; however, all dogs were wild type. Two Labrador retrievers with FCE carried FGF4L2 alleles. Frequency of the FGF4L2 allele was significantly (P < .001) and negatively associated with FCE relative to predicted hospital‐population dogs. FCE was overrepresented in Boxer, Great Dane, Yorkshire Terrier, Bernese Mountain Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Rottweiler, and Shetland Sheepdog breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Study data based on genotypically and histopathologically defined cases support the historical observation that FCE is uncommon in chondrodystrophic dog breeds. FGF4 plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular integrity; anatomical studies comparing chondrodystrophic and non‐chondrodystrophic dogs might provide insight into the pathogenesis of FCE

Economic substantiation of implementation of innovative measures at the enterprise (for example, PJSC "Odesa Coroway")

Кваліфікаційна робота на здобуття освітнього ступеня магістра зі спеціальності: «Підприємництво, торгівля та біржова діяльність» за магістерською програмою професійного спрямування «Економіка, планування та управління бізнесом». – Одеський національний економічний університет. – м. Одеса, 2018 рік Розглянуто сутність та механізми інноваційних заходів; обґрунтовано вибір напрямку модернізації підприємства; Проведено аналіз фінансового стану підприємства, розроблено проект створення нової технологічної лінії. Розраховано критерії економічної ефективності розробленого проекту, виявлення та оцінка можливих ризиків, пов’язані з його функціонуванням.Квалификационная работа на получение образовательной степени магистра по специальности: «Предпринимательство, торговля и биржевая деятельность» по магистерской программе профессионального направления «Экономика, планирование и управление бизнесом». – Одесский национальный экономический университет. – м. Одесса, 2018 год Рассмотрены сущность и механизмы инновационных мероприятий; обоснован выбор направления модернизации предприятия; Проведен анализ финансового состояния предприятия, разработан проект создания новой технологической линии. Рассчитаны критерии экономической эффективности разработанного проекта, выявление и оценка возможных рисков, связанных с его функционированием.Thesis for Master degree in specialty “Entrepreneurship, Trade and Stock Exchanges” under the program “Economics, Planning and Business Management”. – Odessa National University of Economics. – Odessa, 2018 The essence and mechanisms of innovative measures are considered; the choice of the direction of modernization of the enterprise is substantiated; The analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise was carried out, the project of creation of a new technological line was developed. The criteria of the economic efficiency of the developed project, the identification and estimation of possible risks related to its functioning are calculated